Exotic glass types and the intensity of recycling in the northwest Quarter of Gerasa (Jerash, Jordan)

Barfod, Gry H.; Freestone, Ian C.; Jackson-Tal, Ruth E.; Lichtenberger, Achim

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2022.105546

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Some of the Levantine I samples have surprisingly high lime and somewhat elevated potash and phosphorus levels (Fig. 3), which may indicate the contamination of the glass by fuel vapour and the furnace environment [12,17,19,23–24,55–56] . There is no clear correlation between these elements that would allow firm conclusions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Only one sample each (TM 057 & TM 188, respectively) displays clear contamination through colouring elements. While the presence of transition metals in otherwise colourless glass can be considered a reliable indicator of recycling, their absence does not necessarily mean that the glass has not been recycled, since the increase in these elements is dependent on the availability of coloured or opacified glass cullet that made its way into the recycling batch [55] . Some of the Levantine I samples have surprisingly high lime and somewhat elevated potash and phosphorus levels (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3), which may indicate the contamination of the glass by fuel vapour and the furnace environment. [12,17,19,[23][24][55][56] There is no clear correlation between these elements that would allow firm conclusions. The above observations indicate that the majority of the glass finds from El Tolmo underwent recycling, including the plant ash glasses that have elevated lead levels (Pb > 1000 ppm).…”

Section: Local Secondary Working and Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

et al. 2022

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Analytical data of Roman and early Islamic glass established several primary glass production groups linked to glassmaking centres in the Levant and in Egypt. In contrast, the activities of secondary glass workshops are largely invisible in the compositional fingerprint of first millennium glass. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of 261 glass finds from the Visigothic settlement of Tolmo de Minateda (Spain) revealed a site-specific contamination pattern due to secondary glass processing and recycling, namely the enrichment of the glass batch by a unique combination of rare alkali elements (Li, K, Rb, Cs). With a median of 21 ppm, Li is particularly distinctive. Elevated lithium contents (Li > 30 ppm) are also one of the characteristic features of Iberian plant ash glass from the Islamic period. The earliest known examples of this type of glass were found among the ninth-century remains from Tolmo.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Local Secondary Working and Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

et al. 2022

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“…The careful collection of all glassy material is likely to explain why the waste recovered from the excavation of glass‐working sites is frequently quite sparse, as at the Byzantine workshop at 'Aqir, Israel (Chen et al, 2021). Given the proximity of the major primary glass producing sites, it is perhaps unexpected that so much attention was given to recycling, but there is significant compositional evidence for recycling in the region (e.g., Barfod et al, 2022; Freestone et al, 2008; Phelps et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and affinities of glass from the Ma'agan Mikhael B shipwreck, Israel

Benzonelli,

Natan,

Gorin‐Rosen

et al. 2023

Archaeometry

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Material recovered from the Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck, off the coast of northern Israel, includes a significant assemblage of glass which appears to represent waste workshop material (cullet) collected for recycling. Twenty‐three samples were selected for analysis for major and minor elements using SEM‐EDS, to provide insight into the activities and dating of the ship. The glass corresponds to known primary glass types, comprising a high‐ and a low‐lime sub‐group of Levantine 1 (Apollonia type), and Egypt 1b. The assemblage is likely to date to the early part of the eighth century CE and, in conjunction with the radiocarbon dating of the ship, gives a possible date range for the wreck of 710‐740 C.E. All groups contain glass‐working waste, glass chunks and vessel fragments and the majority are likely to have been collected from one or more workshops. It is unclear whether this cargo represents the by‐products of several campaigns of a single workshop which used different consignments of raw glass, or material from different workshops, collected at different ports‐of‐call.

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“…Glass recycling is far less straightforward than it appears [ 1 , 2 ]. The use of a cullet as a feedstock for the fabrication of original articles by remelting cannot always be applied [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Dye Sorbents from Combined Stereolithography 3D Printing and Alkali Activation of Pharmaceutical Glass Waste

et al. 2022

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies enable the fabrication of objects with complex geometries in much simpler ways than conventional shaping methods. With the fabrication of recyclable filters for contaminated waters, the present work aims at exploiting such features as an opportunity to reuse glass from discarded pharmaceutical containers. Masked stereolithography-printed scaffolds were first heat-treated at relatively low temperatures (680 and 730 °C for 1 h) and then functionalized by alkali activation, with the formation of zeolite and sodium carbonate phases, which worked as additional adsorbing centers. As-sintered and activated scaffolds were characterized in terms of the efficiency of filtration and removal of methylene blue, used as a reference dye. The adsorption efficiency of activated printed glass was 81%. The 3D-printed adsorbent can be easily separated from the solution for reuse.

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Exotic glass types and the intensity of recycling in the northwest Quarter of Gerasa (Jerash, Jordan)

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

Composition and affinities of glass from the Ma'agan Mikhael B shipwreck, Israel

Advanced Dye Sorbents from Combined Stereolithography 3D Printing and Alkali Activation of Pharmaceutical Glass Waste

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