Exosomes: from biology to immunotherapy in infectious diseases

Rangel-Ramírez, Velia Verónica; González-Sánchez, Hilda Minerva; Lucio-García, César

doi:10.1080/23744235.2022.2149852

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 435 publications

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“…Таким образом, процессы, в которых участвуют экзосомы, могут играть как положительную, так и отрицательную роль в патогенезе вирусных инфекций, либо способствуя развитию инфекции, либо сдерживая её развитие [141]. Важное направление использования экзосом связано с содержанием в них маркеров вирусов и вирусных инфекций, что создаёт возможность применения экзосом в качестве жидкой биопсии и неинвазивной диагностики.…”

Section: заключениеunclassified

Exosomes in the life cycle of viruses and the pathogenesis of viral infections

Кущ¹,

Ivanov²

2023

Problems of Virology

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, with a bilayer membrane, 30160 nm in diameter. Exosomes are released from cells of different origins and are detected in various body fluids. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites and can transfer the contents to recipient cells. Exosome biogenesis involves cellular proteins of the Rab GTPase family and the ESCRT system, which regulate budding, vesicle transport, molecule sorting, membrane fusion, formation of multivesicular bodies and exosome secretion. Exosomes are released from cells infected with viruses and may contain viral DNA and RNA, as well as mRNA, microRNA, other types of RNA, proteins and virions. Exosomes are capable of transferring viral components into uninfected cells of various organs and tissues. This review analyzes the impact of exosomes on the life cycle of widespread viruses that cause serious human diseases: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, SARS-CoV-2. Viruses are able to enter cells by endocytosis, use molecular and cellular pathways involving Rab and ESCRT proteins to release exosomes and spread viral infections. It has been shown that exosomes can have multidirectional effects on the pathogenesis of viral infections, suppressing or enhancing the course of diseases. Exosomes can potentially be used in noninvasive diagnostics as biomarkers of the stage of infection, and exosomes loaded with biomolecules and drugs - as therapeutic agents. Genetically modified exosomes are promising candidates for new antiviral vaccines.

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Section: заключениеunclassified

Exosomes in the life cycle of viruses and the pathogenesis of viral infections

Кущ¹,

Ivanov²

2023

Problems of Virology

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“…EVs are membrane-bound vesicles that can carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites (11,12). EVs also carry cargo that reflects its cell or tissue origin and cellular state (13)(14)(15)(16). EVs carrying immunoregulatory molecules released by tumor cells can support cancer growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk

Martínez,

Magpantay,

Guo

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionExtracellular vesicles are membrane-bound structures secreted into the extracellular milieu by cells and can carry bioactive molecules. There is emerging evidence suggesting that EVs play a role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of certain cancers. In this study, we investigate the association of EVs bearing PD-L1 and molecules important in B-cell activation and differentiation with AIDS-NHL risk.MethodsEVs were isolated from archived serum collected prior to the diagnosis of AIDS-NHL in cases (N = 51) and matched HIV+ controls (N = 52) who were men enrolled in the Los Angeles site of the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS). Serum specimens of AIDS-NHL cases were collected at a mean time of 1.25 years (range of 2 to 36 months) prior to an AIDS-NHL diagnosis. The expression of PD-L1 and other molecules on EVs (CD40, CD40L, TNF-RII, IL-6Rα, B7-H3, ICAM-1, and FasL) were quantified by Luminex multiplex assay.Results and discussionWe observed significantly higher levels of EVs bearing PD-L1, CD40, TNF-RII and/or IL-6Rα in AIDS-NHL cases compared with controls. Using multivariate conditional logistic regression models adjusted for age and CD4+ T-cell count, we found that EVs bearing PD-L1 (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.10 – 3.38), CD40 (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.09 – 3.58), TNF-RII (OR = 5.06; 95% CI: 1.99 – 12.85) and/or IL-6Rα (OR = 4.67; 95% CI: 1.40 – 15.53) were significantly and positively associated with AIDS-NHL risk. In addition, EVs bearing these molecules were significantly and positively associated with non-CNS lymphoma: PD-L1 (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.01 – 3.72); CD40 (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.12 – 6.35); TNF-RII (OR = 9.64; 95% CI: 2.52 – 36.86); IL-6Rα (OR = 8.34; 95% CI: 1.73 – 40.15). These findings suggest that EVs bearing PD-L1, CD40, TNF-RII and/or IL-6Rα could serve as biomarkers for the early detection of NHL in PLWH.

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“…Exosomes, nanosized vesicles (30–150 nm) secreted by cells, contain diverse key components from their parental cells. − Alterations in exosome composition are closely linked to both physiological and pathological processes, including disease development and metastasis. − Consequently, exosomes hold significant promise as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and clinical treatment. − …”

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confidence: 99%

Source Tracing of Kidney Injury via the Multispectral Fingerprint Identified by Machine Learning-Driven Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Analysis

Zhuang,

Ouyang,

Ding

et al. 2024

ACS Sens.

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Early diagnosis of drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) is essential for clinical treatment and intervention. However, developing a reliable method to trace kidney injury origins through retrospective studies remains a challenge. In this study, we designed ordered fried-bun-shaped Au nanocone arrays (FBS NCAs) to create microarray chips as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis platform. Subsequently, the principal component analysis (PCA)-two-layer nearest neighbor (TLNN) model was constructed to identify and analyze the SERS spectra of exosomes from renal injury induced by cisplatin and gentamycin. The established PCA-TLNN model successfully differentiated the SERS spectra of exosomes from renal injury at different stages and causes, capturing the most significant spectral features for distinguishing these variations. For the SERS spectra of exosomes from renal injury at different induction times, the accuracy of PCA-TLNN reached 97.8% (cisplatin) and 93.3% (gentamicin). For the SERS spectra of exosomes from renal injury caused by different agents, the accuracy of PCA-TLNN reached 100% (7 days) and 96.7% (14 days). This study demonstrates that the combination of label-free exosome SERS and machine learning could serve as an innovative strategy for medical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

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Exosomes: from biology to immunotherapy in infectious diseases

Cited by 9 publications

References 435 publications

Exosomes in the life cycle of viruses and the pathogenesis of viral infections

Exosomes in the life cycle of viruses and the pathogenesis of viral infections

Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk

Source Tracing of Kidney Injury via the Multispectral Fingerprint Identified by Machine Learning-Driven Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Analysis

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