Exosomes and exosomal RNAs in breast cancer: A status update

Lakshmi, S. Ayshwarya; Hughes, Tom; Priya, Sulochana

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.033

Cited by 97 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…In any case, more detailed clinical studies are needed to ensure that EV protein markers can be accurately and repeatedly detected in complex clinical samples. Although we have only specifically summarized some EV protein marker candidates here, other functional molecules carried by EVs, such as nucleic acids and lipids, also have the potential for similar applications (111,112), and combining them for BC diagnosis and prognosis will hold great promise to improve BC management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein biomarkers in breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles for use in liquid biopsies

Lai

Fan

et al. 2021

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve the management of breast cancer. Liquid biopsies are becoming convenient detection methods for diagnosing and monitoring breast cancer due to their non-invasiveness and ability to provide real-time feedback. A range of liquid biopsy markers, including circulating tumor proteins, circulating tumor cells, and circulating tumor nucleic acids, have been implemented for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis, with each having its own advantages and limitations. Circulating extracellular vesicles are messengers of intercellular communication that are packed with information from mother cells and are found in a wide variety of bodily fluids; thus, they are emerging as ideal candidates for liquid biopsy biomarkers. In this review, we summarize extracellular vesicle protein markers that can be potentially used for the early diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer or determining its specific subtypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein biomarkers in breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles for use in liquid biopsies

Lai

Fan

et al. 2021

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…However, the potential feasibility and targets of exosomes as OA treatment vectors are not fully understood, and the basic and clinical research still has a long way (Lakshmi et al, 2021;Stefanius et al, 2021). In the future, the following problems must be solved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Research Progress of Exosomes in Osteoarthritis, With Particular Emphasis on the Mediating Roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs

et al. 2021

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a kind of degenerative disease, which is caused by many factors such as aging, obesity, strain, trauma, congenital joint abnormalities, joint deformities. Exosomes are mainly derived from the invagination of intracellular lysosomes, which are released into the extracellular matrix after fusion of the outer membrane of multi vesicles with the cell membrane. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and regulate the biological activity of receptor cells by carrying non-coding RNA, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins and lipids. Evidences show that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of OA. In view of the important roles of exosomes in OA, this paper systematically reviewed the roles of exosomes in the pathogenesis of OA, including the roles of exosomes in OA diagnosis, the regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in the pathogenesis, and the intervention roles of exosomes in the treatment of OA. Reviewing the roles of exosomes in OA will help to clarify the pathogenesis of OA and explore new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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“…EV can be secreted by the primary tumor, as well as by stromal and immune cells, and are now widely recognized as carriers of key messages that can affect sites both near and far from the primary tumor. This horizontal signaling may be responsible for formation of the pre‐metastatic niches, for promotion of quiescence and, also, for drug resistance (Lakshmi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Mir ‐223 In Cancer Onset and Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many exosomal miRNAs, and among them miR‐223, have been reported in preclinical studies to have a potential therapeutic application. However, the translation of these studies into clinical trials and, ultimately, into real therapeutic utility, is still a long way to go (Lakshmi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Therapeutic Potential Of Mir‐223mentioning

confidence: 99%

The many facets of miR‐223 in cancer: Oncosuppressor, oncogenic driver, therapeutic target, and biomarker of response

et al. 2021

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Given their intrinsic pleiotropism, microRNAs (miR) play complex biological roles, in both normal and pathological conditions. Often the same miR can act as oncogene or oncosuppressor, depending on the biological process dysregulated in each specific tissue. miR-223 does not represent an exception to this rule and its functions greatly differ in different contexts. miR-223 has been widely studied in the hematopoietic compartment, where it plays a central role in innate immune response, regulating myeloid differentiation and granulocytes function. Accordingly, dysregulated expression of miR-223 has been associated to different inflammatory disorders and tumors arising from the immune compartment. Most carcinomas, breast cancer being the most studied, display loss of miR-223. However, in gastro-esophageal cancers miR-223 is frequently overexpressed and correlates with worse prognosis. A link between miR-223 and response to CDK4/6-inhibitors has been recently proposed, suggesting a role as biomarker of therapeutic response. The notion that one of the most commonly mutated protein in cancer, mutant p53, binds the promoter of miR-223 and suppresses its transcription, adds a further level of complexity to the full understanding of miR-223 in cancer. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the molecular networks that alter or are altered by miR-223, in different cancer types. We will discuss if the times are ready for the exploitation of miR-223 as predictive biomarker of treatment response or, even, as therapeutic target, in specific settings. Finally, we will suggest which could be the next steps to be taken for a realistic clinical application of miR-223.

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Exosomes and exosomal RNAs in breast cancer: A status update

Cited by 97 publications

References 211 publications

Protein biomarkers in breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles for use in liquid biopsies

Protein biomarkers in breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles for use in liquid biopsies

The Research Progress of Exosomes in Osteoarthritis, With Particular Emphasis on the Mediating Roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs

The many facets of miR‐223 in cancer: Oncosuppressor, oncogenic driver, therapeutic target, and biomarker of response

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