Exosomes and Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Immunity: Current Reports and Future Directions

Lee, Na Kyeong; Kothandan, Vinoth Kumar; Kothandan, Sangeetha; Byun, Youngro; Hwang, Seung Rim

doi:10.3390/vaccines9050441

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…CSCs exhibit chemoresistance or radioresistance due to EMT and DNA damage checkpoint activation. 75 Yang et al 76 suggested that the transfer of CSCs’ exosomal miRNAs (such as miR-210) could change cellular expression levels and paracrine or juxtacrine signaling, thus preventing the goals of chemotherapy, such as cell cycle arrest and cancer cell apoptosis. Similarly, M2 macrophage-derived exosomes with miR-27a-3p can enhance the activity of HCC stem cells and promote drug resistance.…”

Section: Exosomes Regulate Tme In the Drug Resistance Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives on the Unique Roles of Exosomes in Drug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Xue¹,

Han²,

Liang³

et al. 2022

JHC

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As a common malignant tumor worldwide, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfactory, even though treatment methods have improved. Despite the developments in traditional chemotherapy and emerging targeted immunotherapy, the problem of recurrence and metastasis of HCC and adverse effects on survival and prognosis are still serious. Drug resistance is a daunting challenge that impedes HCC treatment. Exosomes, a class of extracellular vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 100 nm, have been the focus of recent studies. Exosomes can activate various signaling pathways and regulate the tumor microenvironment with their cargo, which includes functional lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Thus, they change the phenotype of recipient cells via exosome-mediated communication. Exosomes secreted by tumors or stromal cells can also transfer drug-resistant traits to other tumor cells. However, their effects on drug resistance in HCC are not completely understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss the underlying relationship between exosomes and drug resistance in HCC. In addition, we also show that exosomes may act as candidate biomarkers for predicting and monitoring drug responses and as potential targets or vectors to reverse the drug resistance of HCC.

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Section: Exosomes Regulate Tme In the Drug Resistance Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives on the Unique Roles of Exosomes in Drug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Xue¹,

Han²,

Liang³

et al. 2022

JHC

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show abstract

“…Exosomes are closely related to tumours, participating in tumour formation, metastasis, drug resistance, evading immune surveillance and can also assist in diagnosis and treatment. 81,82…”

Section: Exosomes and Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging roles of exosomal long non‐coding RNAs in bladder cancer

Liu

2022

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the genitourinary system, accounting for the 9th most common malignant tumour in the world. 1,2 According to pathological classification, 90% of patients with BC have urothelial cancer. About one-third of these patients are first diagnosed with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). 3,4 In some patients, even if the first diagnosis is non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), 10%-30% of patients progress to MIBC. 4,5 BC has become a disease that seriously affects human health. 6,7 At present, its early diagnosis and treatment have made great progress, 8,9 but its specific mechanism of occurrence and development is still unclear.In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become a research hotspot. NcRNAs can be divided into housekeeping ncRNAs and regulatory ncRNAs. Among them, regulatory ncRNAs can be mainly divided into microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (ln-cRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA). [10][11][12][13] LncRNA is a general term for single-stranded nucleotide sequences exceeding 200 bp. 14 Although it does not have the function of encoding proteins, it can participate in gene regulation at the epigenetic level, transcription level and post-transcriptional level, 15-17 affect tumour occurrence, development, metastasis and malignant progression of drug resistance. [18][19][20][21][22][23] Based on the current research on the mechanism of lncRNA, the competitive endogenous 'ceRNA' mechanism is the most common type and a widely recognized regulatory mechanism, that is, some

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“…Increasing evidence also highlights that exosomes are involved in the drug resistance of CSCs. The underlying mechanisms are complex, including cell cycle blockage, increased drug efflux, upregulation of detoxifying enzymes, enhanced anti-apoptotic capacity and DNA repair efficiency, inducing EMT process, and immunosuppression [ 147 , 148 ] . However, the physiological and functional properties of exosomes in GCSCs are still unknown and need further investigation.…”

Section: The Underlying Mechanisms For Gcscs Regulating the Drug Resi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer stem cell in drug resistance of gastric cancer

Xiong¹,

Zhang²,

Lan³

et al. 2022

Cancer Drug Resist

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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide, and gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) are considered as the major factor for resistance to conventional radio- and chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence in recent years implies that GCSCs regulate the drug resistance in GC through multiple mechanisms, including dormancy, drug trafficking, drug metabolism and targeting, apoptosis, DNA damage, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize current advancements regarding the relationship between GCSCs and drug resistance and evaluate the molecular bases of GCSCs in drug resistance.

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Exosomes and Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Immunity: Current Reports and Future Directions

Cited by 8 publications

References 122 publications

Current Perspectives on the Unique Roles of Exosomes in Drug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Current Perspectives on the Unique Roles of Exosomes in Drug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The emerging roles of exosomal long non‐coding RNAs in bladder cancer

Insight into the molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer stem cell in drug resistance of gastric cancer

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