Exosomal microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in non-malignant liver diseases

Hwang, Seonghwan; Yang, Yoon Mee

doi:10.1007/s12272-021-01338-2

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 116 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in ALD. The landscape of miRNA expression is reportedly altered under pathological conditions [ 196 , 197 , 198 ]. Dysregulated miRNAs contribute to the regulation of pathophysiological pathways in ALD via several different mechanisms ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress-related Pathogenic Mechanisms Of Aldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Liver Injury in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease

Yang

Cho

Hwang

2022

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by the injury, inflammation, and scarring in the liver owing to excessive alcohol consumption. Currently, ALD is a leading cause for liver transplantation. Therefore, extensive studies (in vitro, in experimental ALD models and in humans) are needed to elucidate pathological features and pathogenic mechanisms underlying ALD. Notably, oxidative changes in the liver have been recognized as a signature trait of ALD. Progression of ALD is linked to the generation of highly reactive free radicals by reactions involving ethanol and its metabolites. Furthermore, hepatic oxidative stress promotes tissue injury and, in turn, stimulates inflammatory responses in the liver, forming a pathological loop that promotes the progression of ALD. Accordingly, accumulating further knowledge on the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation may help establish a viable therapeutic approach for treating ALD.

show abstract

Section: Oxidative Stress-related Pathogenic Mechanisms Of Aldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Liver Injury in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease

Yang

Cho

Hwang

2022

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because a single miRNA can target multiple genes, dysregulated miRNAs can have a broad impact on pathophysiology. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs contribute to a spectrum of liver diseases, including liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis 33 . Therefore, miRNAs are attractive as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver diseases 34 , 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronan synthase 2, a target of miR-200c, promotes carbon tetrachloride-induced acute and chronic liver inflammation via regulation of CCL3 and CCL4

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liver fibrosis occurs during wound healing after repeated liver injury and is characterized by extensive extracellular matrix deposition. We previously identified hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) as a driver of liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Developing strategies to suppress HSC activation is key to alleviating liver fibrosis, and HAS2 is an attractive candidate for intervention. To gain insight into the molecular function of HAS2, we investigated its posttranscriptional regulation. We found that miR-200c directly targets the 3’ untranslated regions of HAS2. Moreover, miR-200c and HAS2 were inversely expressed in fibrotic human and mouse livers. After establishing the direct interaction between miR-200c and HAS2, we investigated the functional outcome of regulating HAS2 expression in three murine models: CCl4-induced acute liver injury, CCl4-induced chronic liver fibrosis, and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis. Hepatic Has2 expression was induced by acute and chronic CCl4 treatment. In contrast, miR-200c expression was decreased after CCl4 treatment. HSC-specific Has2 deletion reduced the expression of inflammatory markers and infiltration of macrophages in the models. Importantly, hyaluronidase-2 (HYAL2) but not HYAL1 was overexpressed in fibrotic human and murine livers. HYAL2 is an enzyme that can cleave the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan. We found that low-molecular-weight hyaluronan stimulated the expression of inflammatory genes. Treatment with the HA synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone alleviated bile duct ligation-induced expression of these inflammatory markers. Collectively, our results suggest that HAS2 is negatively regulated by miR-200c and contributes to the development of acute liver injury and chronic liver inflammation via hyaluronan-mediated immune signaling.

show abstract

“…Although many studies suggest that exosomes may represent noninvasive biomarkers for many diseases (112,113), the results of individual studies are inconsistent. Different methods of EV purification may contribute to this discrepancy (114).…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic and Potential Therapeutic Roles of Exosomes Derived From Immune Cells in Liver Diseases

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma place a heavy burden on many patients worldwide. However, the treatment of many liver diseases is currently insufficient, and the treatment may be associated with strong side effects. Therapies for liver diseases targeting the molecular and cellular levels that minimize adverse reactions and maximize therapeutic effects are in high demand. Immune cells are intimately involved in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of liver diseases. The immune response in the liver can be suppressed, leading to tolerance in homeostasis. When infection or tissue damage occurs, immunity in the liver is activated rapidly. As small membrane vesicles derived from diverse cells, exosomes carry multiple cargoes to exert their regulatory effects on recipient cells under physiological or pathological conditions. Exosomes from different immune cells exert different effects on liver diseases. This review describes the biology of exosomes and focuses on the effects of exosomes from different immune cells on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis and their therapeutic potential in liver diseases.

show abstract

Exosomal microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in non-malignant liver diseases

Cited by 21 publications

References 116 publications

Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Liver Injury in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease

Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Liver Injury in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease

Hyaluronan synthase 2, a target of miR-200c, promotes carbon tetrachloride-induced acute and chronic liver inflammation via regulation of CCL3 and CCL4

Pathogenic and Potential Therapeutic Roles of Exosomes Derived From Immune Cells in Liver Diseases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About