Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis

Wong, Grace Lai Hung; Jalboush, Sara Abu; Lo, Hui-Wen

doi:10.3390/cancers12071827

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Besides, the availability, abundance, and stability of exo‐miRNAs in biological fluids make it an ideal biomarker for various types of cancers (including OS; Wong et al, 2020). For example, plasma exo‐miR‐139‐3p is a novel biomarker for CRC (Liu, Yang, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Exosomal Ncrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma

Wang

2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Clinically, it is difficult to efficaciously screen and diagnose osteosarcoma (OS) in advance due to the low sensitivity and poor specificity of the existing tumor markers. Exosomes (Exos) are nanoscale vesicles containing RNAs, lipids, and proteins with a diameter of 30–100 nm. They are multivesicular bodies formed during the invagination of lysosomal particles in cells and released extracellularly after fusing with cell membranes. Besides, Exos are important carriers of cell‐to‐cell communication signals and genetic materials in the tumor microenvironment. During tumorigenesis, the tumor cells interplay with immune cells, endothelial cells, and related fibroblasts through Exos and boost cancer development. After altering the surrounding microenvironment, the Exos drive tumor cells to proliferate, speed up angiogenesis, and boost cancers to develop along with body fluid transportation. Currently, Exos are becoming novel noninvasive tumor diagnostic markers with high sensitivity, exerting pivotal impacts in fundamental research and clinical applications. Here, we review the existing literature on the roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in OS progression and their potential clinical applications as novel biomarkers and therapeutics.

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Section: Exosomal Ncrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma

Wang

2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…Exosomes contain both proteins and micro-RNAs and as such, they can be key sources of both of these types of circulating biomarkers. A complete description of how exosomes act within bone metastatic cancers is beyond the scope of this review but it has been extensively described elsewhere [ 138 , 139 ].…”

Section: Biomarkers For Bone Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Medicine and Bone Metastases: Biomarkers, Micro-RNAs and Bone Metastases

Wood¹,

Brown

2020

Cancers

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Bone metastasis is a major cause of morbidity within solid tumours of the breast, prostate, lung and kidney. Metastasis to the skeleton is associated with a wide range of complications including bone fractures, spinal cord compression, hypercalcaemia and increased bone pain. Improved treatments for bone metastasis, such as the use of anti-bone resorptive bisphosphonate agents, within post-menopausal women have improved disease-free survival; however, these treatments are not without side effects. There is thus a need for biomarkers, which will predict the risk of developing the spread to bone within these cancers. The application of molecular profiling techniques, together with animal model systems and engineered cell-lines has enabled the identification of a series of potential bone-metastasis biomarker molecules predictive of bone metastasis risk. Some of these biomarker candidates have been validated within patient-derived samples providing a step towards clinical utility. Recent developments in multiplex biomarker quantification now enable the simultaneous measurement of up to 96 micro-RNA/protein molecules in a spatially defined manner with single-cell resolution, thus enabling the characterisation of the key molecules active at the sites of pre-metastatic niche formation as well as tumour-stroma signalling. These technologies have considerable potential to inform biomarker discovery. Additionally, a potential future extension of these discoveries could also be the identification of novel drug targets within cancer spread to bone. This chapter summarises recent findings in biomarker discovery within the key bone metastatic cancers (breast, prostate, lung and renal cell carcinoma). Tissue-based and circulating blood-based biomarkers are discussed from the fields of genomics, epigenetic regulation (micro-RNAs) and protein/cell-signalling together with a discussion of the potential future development of these markers towards clinical development.

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“…Over the past years, small RNA regulators were discovered for the development of cancer research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny single-stranded RNAs with 20 to 24 nucleotides that do not specifying the genetic codes [3] and are stabilized or located in post-transcription gene expression regulation in multicellular organisms [4]. Recent research has demonstrated that MicroRNAs are aberrantly represented in different forms of tumors [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Micro RNA-34a and carboplatin combination on the inducing apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cell line

Eslamkhah

Alizadeh

Safaei

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aim: Breast cancer (BC) has been classified among the main causes of death owing to females' cancer. Carboplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug that is an important treatment option for BC. But high and frequent doses of carboplatin usually reducing the reaction of cancer cells to medication. There is an immediate need to establish methods for increasing the carboplatin susceptibility to BC cells. For instance, micro RNAs (miRNAs) such as MiR34a demonstrate significant potential. Considering that, this research was planned to explore the better clinical effect and underlying mechanism of miR-34a as a possible tumor inhibitor and drug resistance regulator in compound with carboplatin chemotherapy drug in the cell lines of BC in humans. Methods: MCF-7 cell line was transfected with miR-34a to perform functional analyses. Subsequently, the MTT assay was applied to assess cell viability. Cell viability and cell death associated gene expression amounts including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, MDR1, P53, and mir34-a, were examined through real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Findings showed that miR-34a upregulation significantly decreased MCF7 cell viability in comparison with control group. Furthermore, separate treatment of cells with miR-34a mimics and carboplatin could significantly increase Bax, Caspase-3, P53, and decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels evaluated to the non-treated group. Moreover, by reduction in expression levels of the MDR1 gene, BC cells' reaction to carboplatin has increased via miR-34a. Conclusion: In line with the findings, it could be inferred that miR-34a may improve the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to carboplatin chemotherapy with downregulation of MDR1.

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Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis

Cited by 41 publications

References 139 publications

The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma

The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma

Personal Medicine and Bone Metastases: Biomarkers, Micro-RNAs and Bone Metastases

The Effect of Micro RNA-34a and carboplatin combination on the inducing apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cell line

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