The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma

Abstract

Clinically, it is difficult to efficaciously screen and diagnose osteosarcoma (OS) in advance due to the low sensitivity and poor specificity of the existing tumor markers. Exosomes (Exos) are nanoscale vesicles containing RNAs, lipids, and proteins with a diameter of 30–100 nm. They are multivesicular bodies formed during the invagination of lysosomal particles in cells and released extracellularly after fusing with cell membranes. Besides, Exos are important carriers of cell‐to‐cell communication signals and genetic materials in the tumor microenvironment. During tumorigenesis, the tumor cells interplay with immune cells, endothelial cells, and related fibroblasts through Exos and boost cancer development. After altering the surrounding microenvironment, the Exos drive tumor cells to proliferate, speed up angiogenesis, and boost cancers to develop along with body fluid transportation. Currently, Exos are becoming novel noninvasive tumor diagnostic markers with high sensitivity, exerting pivotal impacts in fundamental research and clinical applications. Here, we review the existing literature on the roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in OS progression and their potential clinical applications as novel biomarkers and therapeutics.

Construction of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Reveals Potential Mechanism and Treatment Options for Osteosarcoma

“…Medical advances have significantly improved the survival rate for osteosarcoma. However, early screening and diagnosis of osteosarcoma are arduous due to the lack of adequate diagnostic markers (Li and Wang, 2020). Metastasis and drug resistance also worsened the prognosis (Mirabello et al, 2009;Harrison et al, 2018).…”

[Retracted] Trophinin Is an Important Biomarker and Prognostic Factor in Osteosarcoma: Data Mining from Oncomine and the Cancer Genome Atlas Databases

“…Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy in young people, with over 50% of cases occurring in the first two decades of life [ 1 ]. Tremendous progress has been achieved in the past few decades in the field of OS therapy development including advances in surgical and diagnostic strategies and the use of combined chemotherapy [ 2 ].…”

Research Progress of Exosome-Loaded miRNA in Osteosarcoma

“…Therefore, by regulating the production, secretion, and delivery of exosomes, tumor progression can be regulated by affecting the TME. 63 , 64 At the same time, exploiting the natural targeting of exosomes in gene therapy 65 and drug delivery 66 seems to be a feasible scheme, which will revolutionize the development of OS treatment. Exosomes secreted from different cells have different functions that are activated through different regulatory pathways.…”