Exosomal lncRNA-p21 levels may help to distinguish prostate cancer from benign disease

Jia

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

Background/Aims: Exosomal circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in blood are emerging as clinically useful and non-invasive biomarkers for tumor diagnosis. However, normal cells can also secrete exosomes, so it is a prerequisite to obtain tumor-derived exosomes for better understanding of their diagnostic impacts in cancer. In this study, a dual-antibody-functionalized immunoaffinity system was established to isolate exosomes and investigate their lncRNAs expression pattern and clinical significance in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: A commercially available kit was used to isolate total exosomes, which were then purified by a dual-antibody-functionalized immunoaffinity system. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression of exosomal lncRNAs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the diagnostic value. Results: Expression levels of two lncRNAs in tumor-derived exosomes were significantly higher than those in total exosomes. The levels of SAP30L-AS1 were upregulated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and SChLAP1 levels were significantly higher in PCa than in BPH and healthy individuals. The area under the ROC curve indicated that SAP30L-AS1 and SChLAP1 had adequate diagnostic value to distinguish PCa from controls. Two lncRNAs separately combined with prostate specific antigen (PSA) possessed a moderate ability for discrimination. SAP30L-AS1 expression level was related to PSA values and tumor invasion. SChLAP1 expression was significantly higher in patients with higher Gleason scores, and was also effective in differentiating between BPH and PCa when the concentration of PSA was in the gray zone. Conclusion: The isolation of tumor-derived exosomes by dual-antibody-functionalized immunoaffinity systems and detection of their lncRNAs in plasma may lead to the identification of suitable biomarkers, with potential diagnostic utility.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Analyzing exosomes in the peripheral blood can therefore provide important information on the characteristics of parental cancer cells. Thus, exosomal lncRNAs are being considered as promising biomarkers in various cancers including gastric cancer [32], colorectal cancer [33], prostate cancer [34] and others [35]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-Derived Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer

Jia

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

“…Among these, Exoquick (System Biosciences) and Total Exosome Isolation kits (Life technologies) have cornered the market. However, a new contender, Urine Exosome RNA Isolation Kit (NORGEN, Biotek Corp.), offers high-resolution and sensitivity [62, 63]. It is worth noting that NORGEN kit allows the purification of proteins, as recently shown by our group [25].…”

Section: The Refinement In Evs Isolation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicle-MaNiA: extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsy and cancer

Torrano

Royo

Peinado

et al. 2016

Normal and tumor cells shed vesicles to the environment. Within the large family of extracellular vesicles, exosomes and microvesicles have attracted much attention in the recent years. Their interest ranges from mediators of cancer progression, inflammation, immune regulation and metastatic niche regulation, to non-invasive biomarkers of disease. In this respect, the procedures to purify and analyze extracellular vesicles have quickly evolved and represent a source of variability for data integration in the field. In this review, we provide an updated view of the potential of exosomes and microvesicles as biomarkers and the available technologies for their isolation.

“…The pressure exerted on the prostate gland by digital rectal examination leads to an increased level of exosomal PCA3 in urine facilitating the prostate cancer diagnosis (37). In addition, it was discovered that urine exosomal lncRNA-p21 is suitable to differentiate prostate adenocarcinoma from benign prostate hyperplasia (38). …”

Section: Exosome Lncrnas As Potential Cancer Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal lncRNAs as new players in cell-to-cell communication

2018

Neoplastic cells use various intercellular communication mechanisms in order to adapt to the local microenvironment, manipulate the immune system, and facilitate metastasis. Exosomes release is a new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. These nanovesicles enclose various types of molecules including lipids, proteins, DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs [microRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)]. lncRNAs are over 200 nt long transcripts, that exhibit no coding potential, but are crucial regulators of physiological processes and are deregulated in cancer. In this review, we will discuss the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer, which is an incipient research field that could bring new insights to the vast domain of intercellular communication. Exosomal lncRNAs seem to be promising biomarkers for any type of cancer. The exact role of exosomal lncRNAs is not fully revealed. Several studies show that cancer derived exosomal lncRNAs are functional and can transmit to neighboring cells different phenotypic patterns, like drug resistance and increased angiogenesis. We further discuss the mechanistic function of exosomal lncRNAs, and hypothesize that the crowded exosomal content can be a suitable place of RNA species crosstalk. Finally, we assume that lncRNAs could be a loading vehicle for miRNAs, mRNAs and other complex molecules into the exosome but future studies are required to confirm these hypotheses.