Exopolysaccharides from Marine Microbes: Source, Structure and Application

Qi, Mingxing; Zheng, Cai‐Juan; Wu, Wenhui; Yu, Guangli; Wang, Peipei

doi:10.3390/md20080512

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…EPSs are produced in response to environmental stress conditions, such as pH and temperature, and exposure to heavy metals or inhibitors, etc. [ 2 , 3 ]. Biochemically, EPSs are carbohydrate polymers composed of glucose, galactose, and rhamnose, accompanied by non-carbohydrate moieties such as proteins, enzymes, nucleic acid, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Exopolysaccharide Composites in Biomedicine and Healthcare: Trends and Advances

et al. 2023

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Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs), e.g., xanthan, dextran, gellan, curdlan, etc., have significant applications in several industries (pharma, food, textiles, petroleum, etc.) due to their biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and functional characteristics. However, biodegradability, poor cell adhesion, mineralization, and lower enzyme activity are some other factors that might hinder commercial applications in healthcare practices. Some EPSs lack biological activities that make them prone to degradation in ex vivo, as well as in vivo environments. The blending of EPSs with other natural and synthetic polymers can improve the structural, functional, and physiological characteristics, and make the composites suitable for a diverse range of applications. In comparison to EPS, composites have more mechanical strength, porosity, and stress-bearing capacity, along with a higher cell adhesion rate, and mineralization that is required for tissue engineering. Composites have a better possibility for biomedical and healthcare applications and are used for 2D and 3D scaffold fabrication, drug carrying and delivery, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and engineering. However, the commercialization of these products still needs in-depth research, considering commercial aspects such as stability within ex vivo and in vivo environments, the presence of biological fluids and enzymes, degradation profile, and interaction within living systems. The opportunities and potential applications are diverse, but more elaborative research is needed to address the challenges. In the current article, efforts have been made to summarize the recent advancements in applications of exopolysaccharide composites with natural and synthetic components, with special consideration of pharma and healthcare applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Exopolysaccharide Composites in Biomedicine and Healthcare: Trends and Advances

et al. 2023

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“…Their properties—in particular, their biological activities—make them interesting for industrial and agricultural applications, and marennine is a good example of this [ 11 ]. For a review of this emerging field, see [ 28 ]. Recently, Bélanger et al [ 29 ] developed a method to separate other polysaccharide fractions from that of marennine and found evidence by FTIR spectroscopy that these polysaccharides are sulfated and discussed their relation to fucoidan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polysaccharidic Nature of the Skeleton of Marennine as Determined by NMR Spectroscopy

et al. 2023

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The water-soluble blue–green pigment marennine, produced and partly excreted by the diatom Haslea ostrearia, and known for a long time for its role in the greening of oysters, was isolated from the culture medium, purified, and analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in order to gain insight into its chemical structure. The spectra show mainly carbohydrates of a complex composition, apparently highly branched, and with a mass in the order of 10 kDa. There are, in addition, some signals of aliphatic and, much weaker, aromatic groups that present aglycons. The latter might be responsible for the color. These carbohydrates are always associated with the blue–green color and cannot be separated from it by most treatments; they are interpreted as constituting the frame of the pigment. NMR after hydrolysis identifies the most abundant monosaccharides in marennine as galactose, xylose, mannose, rhamnose, and fucose.

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“…This chemical heterogeneity confers properties to EPS such as mechanical strength, metal‐complexing ability, emulsifying properties, and adhesion for important biological functions such as biofilm formation for protection against harsh environmental conditions, biotic interactions, and toxic metal tolerance. Due to biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as their use as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and foaming agents, EPS have several industrial applications in many fields depending on their nature, composition, and structure, such as medicine and pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics additives, bioremediation, source of sugar monomers to produce biofuels and biochemicals, paper and textile industries, among other applications 4‐8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of exopolysaccharides with a high emulsifying activity using an Idiomarina strain under different conditions of oxygen transfer and temperature

García

Mercado‐Muñoz

Fernández‐Sandoval

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Background: Marine microbial exopolysaccharides are the most significant group of polymeric material biopolymers on earth; they exhibit many potential applications in industrial, medical, and environmental fields, due to their chemical structure, which determines their functional properties. This study aimed to evaluate the production and the emulsifying activity of the exopolysaccharides produced by Idiomarina sp. B7H2 cultured under different oxygen transfer rates (OTR) and incubation temperatures.Results: In cultures developed at low incubation temperatures (15 °C), an increase in OTR max from 4.2 to 8 mmol L −1 h −1 promoted cellular growth and exopolysaccharide production, reaching a dry weight biomass of 7.7 ± 0.03 g L −1 and a maximal exopolysaccharide production of 4.28 ± 0.14 g L −1 . In contrast, at high incubation temperature (25 °C) and at high OTR max of 8 mmol L −1 h −1 , a maximal emulsifying activity of 75.5% was obtained. This value was higher with respect to that obtained at the lower OTR max (4.2 mmol L −1 h −1 ). However, higher emulsifying activity was not related to the synthesis of exopolysaccharides.Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate that by controlling the OTR max and incubation temperatures it is possible to manipulate the production and the emulsifying activity of the bacterial exopolysaccharide produced by B7H2 strain, mainly carrying out the fermentation process at high incubation temperatures and higher OTR max .

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Exopolysaccharides from Marine Microbes: Source, Structure and Application

Cited by 29 publications

References 165 publications

Microbial Exopolysaccharide Composites in Biomedicine and Healthcare: Trends and Advances

Microbial Exopolysaccharide Composites in Biomedicine and Healthcare: Trends and Advances

The Polysaccharidic Nature of the Skeleton of Marennine as Determined by NMR Spectroscopy

Production of exopolysaccharides with a high emulsifying activity using an Idiomarina strain under different conditions of oxygen transfer and temperature

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