“…Previous studies showed that in addition to suppression of seedling disease, PGPR contribute to growth promotion and salt stress tolerance directly and indirectly via the production of bioactive compounds and modifications to the rhizosphere environment via extensive biofilm formation, respectively ( Yang et al, 2009 ). For example, PGPR are known to enhance germination rates, improve nutrient status, and alleviate salt stress in wheat seedlings via the production of: indole acetic acid (IAA), which mediates lateral branching, resulting in increased fine root length, surface area, tip number, and water and primary nutrient uptake ( Ramadoss et al, 2013 ; Egamberdieva et al, 2015 ); the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase, involved in the degradation of the ethylene precursor ACC, resulting in improved root growth and stress tolerance ( Bal et al, 2013 ); antioxidant enzymes such as catalase involved in ROS degradation and management of redox stress ( Jha and Subramanian, 2014 ); siderophores and phosphate solubilizing compounds and other undetermined traits important for improved nutritional status ( Nadeem et al, 2014 ; Rajkumar et al, 2017 ); and EPS matrix, which helps improve soil structure, increase soil water retention, and reduce the available Na + ( Naseem and Bano, 2014 ; Banerjee et al, 2019 ). P. chlororaphis 30-84 (including 30-84ZN) produces some of these bioactive compounds, including IAA, ACC-deaminase, pyoverdine class siderophores, and antioxidants ( Mahmoudi et al, 2019 ).…”