Exogenous proline mitigates toxic effects of cadmium via the decrease of cadmium accumulation and reestablishment of redox homeostasis in Brassica juncea

Wang, Yuanduo; Tan, Piaopiao; Chen, Liang; Yue, Zheming; Zeng, Chaozhen; Li, Mei; Liu, Zhixiang; Dong, Xujie; Yan, Mingli

doi:10.1186/s12870-022-03538-4

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In plants, Cd toxicity is generally indicated as stunted growth of the root and shoot, chlorosis, and inhibition of photosynthesis [ 37 , 38 ]. In the present study, Cd stress sharply inhibited S. matsudana growth (Tables 1 ), which may have occurred due to the perturbation in cellular processes at the biochemical and physiological levels in plants [ 19 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide and methylglyoxal alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Salix matsudana Koidz by regulating glutathione metabolism

et al. 2023

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Background Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element for plant growth. In plants, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methylglyoxal (MG) have emerged as vital signaling molecules that regulate plant growth processes under Cd stress. However, the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) and MG on Cd uptake, physiological responses, and gene expression patterns of Salix to Cd toxicity have been poorly understood. Here, Salix matsudana Koidz. seedlings were planted in plastic pot with applications of MG (108 mg kg− 1) and NaHS (50 mg kg− 1) under Cd (150 mg kg− 1) stress. Results Cd treatment significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but decreased the growth parameters in S. matsudana. However, NaHS and MG supplementation significantly decreased Cd concentration, ROS levels, and MDA content, and finally enhanced the growth parameters. Cd stress accelerated the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the relative expression levels of stress-related genes, which were further improved by NaHS and MG supplementation. However, the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) were sharply decreased under Cd stress. Conversely, NaHS and MG applications restored the MDHAR and DHAR activities compared with Cd-treated seedlings. Furthermore, Cd stress decreased the ratios of GSH/GSSG and AsA/DHA but considerably increased the H2S and MG levels and glyoxalase I-II system in S. matsudana, while the applications of MG and NaHS restored the redox status of AsA and GSH and further improved glyoxalase II activity. In addition, compared with AsA, GSH showed a more sensitive response to exogenous applications of MG and NaHS and plays more important role in the detoxification of Cd. Conclusions The present study illustrated the crucial roles of H2S and MG in reducing ROS-mediated oxidative damage to S. matsudana and revealed the vital role of GSH metabolism in regulating Cd-induced stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide and methylglyoxal alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Salix matsudana Koidz by regulating glutathione metabolism

et al. 2023

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“…Another indicator of the physiological state of plants is the level of accumulation of proline, which performs the function of being an osmoprotectant and an antioxidant [ 48 , 49 ]. Exogenous proline treatment enhanced Brassica juncea ’s tolerance to Cd via a decrease of Cd accumulation and the reestablishment of redox homeostasis [ 50 ]. Proline is an important metabolite for plant adaptation, protection, and tolerance to Cd stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rhizobium leguminosarum Thy2 on the Growth and Tolerance to Cadmium Stress of Wheat Plants

Maslennikova

Nasyrova

Chubukova

et al. 2022

Life

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Cadmium (Cd) stress is an obstacle for crop production, quality crops, and sustainable agriculture. An important role is played by the application of eco-friendly approaches to improve plant growth and stress tolerance. In the current study, a pre-sowing seed treatment with Rhizobium leguminosarum strains, isolated from the leguminous plants Phaseolus vulgaris (strain Pvu5), Vicia sylvatica (strain VSy12), Trifolium hybridium (strain Thy2), and T. pratense (strain TPr4), demonstrated different effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant growth under normal conditions. Among all tested strains, Thy2 significantly increased seed germination, seedling length, fresh and dry biomass, and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content. Further analysis showed that Thy2 was capable of producing indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores and fixing nitrogen. Under Cd stress, Thy2 reduced the negative effect of Cd on wheat growth and photosynthesis and had a protective effect on the antioxidant system. This was expressed in the additional accumulation of glutathione and proline and the activation of glutathione reductase. In addition, Thy2 led to a significant reduction in oxidative stress, which was evidenced by the data on the stabilization of the ascorbate content and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase. In addition, Thy2 markedly reduced Cd-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage in the plants. Thus, the findings demonstrated the ability of the R. leguminosarum strain Thy2, isolated from T. hybridium nodules, to exert a growth-promoting and anti-stress effect on wheat plants. These results suggest that the Thy2 strain may enhance wheat plant growth by mitigating Cd stress, particularly through improving photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity and reducing the severity of oxidative damage. This may provide a basic and biological approach to use the Thy2 strain as a promising, eco-friendly candidate to combat Cd stress in wheat production.

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“…The authors suggested that proline, by helping to maintain the redox balance in the cytoplasm, alleviated the GSH depletion, favoring the synthesis of phytochelatin (see review by X. Liang et al [ 31 ]). In an aside, exogenous proline has been shown to exert an effect on the levels of GSH, increasing the GSH/GSSG ratio in the leaves and roots of B. juncea [ 139 ], validating the indirect effect of proline in stimulating another multifunctional compound, GSH, and strengthening downstream mechanisms of stress tolerance. In fact, Xu et al [ 137 ] suggested that in this way, the conjugation of Cd with phytochelatin would be more easily sequestered in the vacuoles, enhancing the Cd accumulation ability and the phytoremediation potential of these plants [ 137 ].…”

Section: The Involvement Of Proline In Plants Facing Issues Of Soil D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In eggplants ( S. melongena ) exposed to As, the exogenously applied proline seemed to act as an electron donor for PS II [ 143 ]. The CO 2 assimilation rate in metal-stressed plants was also restored upon the addition of exogenous proline by an increase in photosynthetic gas exchange attributes and by enhanced biosynthesis and/or the decreased degradation of chlorophylls and carotenoids [ 139 , 142 ].…”

Section: The Involvement Of Proline In Plants Facing Issues Of Soil D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the redox homeostasis, the application of proline, either by foliar spraying or through irrigation, usually leads to an enhanced antioxidant potential [ 120 , 130 , 135 , 139 , 142 , 144 , 145 , 146 ]. This happens not only due to the direct role of proline as an antioxidant per se but also because of its ability to trigger other defensive pathways, including antioxidants.…”

Section: The Involvement Of Proline In Plants Facing Issues Of Soil D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of Proline in Plants under Contaminated Soils—Are We on the Same Page?

et al. 2023

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Agricultural soil degradation is occurring at unprecedented rates, not only as an indirect effect of climate change (CC) but also due to intensified agricultural practices which affect soil properties and biodiversity. Therefore, understanding the impacts of CC and soil degradation on plant physiology is crucial for the sustainable development of mitigation strategies to prevent crop productivity losses. The amino acid proline has long been recognized for playing distinct roles in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Due to its osmoprotectant and redox-buffering ability, a positive correlation between proline accumulation and plants’ tolerance to abiotic stress has been pointed out in numerous reviews. Indeed, proline quantification is used systematically by plant physiologists as an indicator of the degree of tolerance and a measurement of the antioxidant potential in plants under stressful conditions. Moreover, the exogenous application of proline has been shown to increase resilience to several stress factors, including those related to soil degradation such as salinity and exposure to metals and xenobiotics. However, recent data from several studies often refer to proline accumulation as a signal of stress sensitivity with no clear correlation with improved antioxidant activity or higher stress tolerance, including when proline is used exogenously as a stress reliever. Nevertheless, endogenous proline levels are strongly modified by these stresses, proving its involvement in plant responses. Hence, one main question arises—is proline augmentation always a sign of improved stress resilience? From this perspective, the present review aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of proline accumulation in plants under abiotic stress induced by soil degradation factors, reinforcing the idea that proline quantification should not be employed as a sole indicator of stress sensitivity or resilience but rather complemented with further biochemical and physiological endpoints.

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Exogenous proline mitigates toxic effects of cadmium via the decrease of cadmium accumulation and reestablishment of redox homeostasis in Brassica juncea

Cited by 14 publications

References 89 publications

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide and methylglyoxal alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Salix matsudana Koidz by regulating glutathione metabolism

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide and methylglyoxal alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Salix matsudana Koidz by regulating glutathione metabolism

Effects of Rhizobium leguminosarum Thy2 on the Growth and Tolerance to Cadmium Stress of Wheat Plants

Accumulation of Proline in Plants under Contaminated Soils—Are We on the Same Page?

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