Exogenous hydrogen sulfide and methylglyoxal alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Salix matsudana Koidz by regulating glutathione metabolism

Abstract

Background Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element for plant growth. In plants, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methylglyoxal (MG) have emerged as vital signaling molecules that regulate plant growth processes under Cd stress. However, the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) and MG on Cd uptake, physiological responses, and gene expression patterns of Salix to Cd toxicity have been poorly understood. Here, Salix matsudana Koidz. seedlings were planted in plastic pot with applications of MG (108 mg kg− 1) and NaHS (50 mg kg− 1) under Cd (150 mg kg− 1) stress. Results Cd treatment significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but decreased the growth parameters in S. matsudana. However, NaHS and MG supplementation significantly decreased Cd concentration, ROS levels, and MDA content, and finally enhanced the growth parameters. Cd stress accelerated the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the relative expression levels of stress-related genes, which were further improved by NaHS and MG supplementation. However, the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) were sharply decreased under Cd stress. Conversely, NaHS and MG applications restored the MDHAR and DHAR activities compared with Cd-treated seedlings. Furthermore, Cd stress decreased the ratios of GSH/GSSG and AsA/DHA but considerably increased the H2S and MG levels and glyoxalase I-II system in S. matsudana, while the applications of MG and NaHS restored the redox status of AsA and GSH and further improved glyoxalase II activity. In addition, compared with AsA, GSH showed a more sensitive response to exogenous applications of MG and NaHS and plays more important role in the detoxification of Cd. Conclusions The present study illustrated the crucial roles of H2S and MG in reducing ROS-mediated oxidative damage to S. matsudana and revealed the vital role of GSH metabolism in regulating Cd-induced stress.

NaHS immersion alleviates the stress effect of chromium(III) on alfalfa seeds by affecting active oxygen metabolism

“…Currently, scientists are exploring innovative approaches to mitigate nonbiological stress effects on plants. 9–11 Seed priming can improve seed germination and seedling establishment in response to harsh environmental conditions, including significant abiotic and biotic stresses. 12 H 2 S signaling molecules have been shown to induce stress tolerance by modulating antioxidant activity, reducing glutathione levels, increasing osmotic regulator accumulation, and enhancing expression of stress-related genes and cell signaling proteins.…”

Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Supplementation Alleviates the Salinity-Stress-Mediated Growth Decline in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Modulating Tolerance Mechanisms

“…In addition, HS regulates the redox network to prevent protein degradation via post-translational modifications [15,18]. Increased tolerance to arsenic [19], cadmium [20], drought [21], salinity [13], and heat [8] stress due to HS treatments has been attributed to the upregulation of tolerance mechanisms.…”

Effect of plant growth regulators DA-6 and COS on drought tolerance of pineapple through bromelain and oxidative stress

“…Extreme and persistent weather can pose a threat to plants and limit crop yields. Among these, drought is a serious threat to plant growth and development, which will result in the over production of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide radical (O 2.- ), and the hydroxyl radical (·OH), causes oxidative damage to protein and lipids, which further leads to irreversible changes in protein structure and function, finally inhibit the photosynthetic process, growth, and yield [ 3 ]. However, exogenous application of PGRs in low concentrations often leads to significant improvements and high yields in fruit trees [ 4 ].And the strategies of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) treatment have been utilized to effectively improve crop drought tolerance and save yield under drought stress [ 5 ].…”

“…Various abiotic stresses such as heat, salinity, drought, and cold stress regularly invigorate ABA build-up in plant tissues, which can then boost a variety of defense responses such as stomatal closure, metabolic changes, adjustments in plant growth and development [ 6 ]. When studying drought tolerance of crops, these related studies were also conducted, such as improving drought tolerance of maize with different regulators [ 7 ], studying putative roles of different PGRs in drought stress response [ 8 ], decreasing stress-induced damage by maintaining cell Membrane Structure, detoxifying ROS and regulating Antioxidant Systems [ 9 ], studying the role of exogenous hydrogen sulfide in improving drought tolerance in plants which occurred by inhibiting membrane damage、reducing the concentration of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and increasing in gene expressions involved in ROS scavenging, cellular redox regulation, and proline biosynthesis genes [ 3 ].…”