In this paper, we mainly consider the existence and finite-time stability of solutions for a kind of ψ-Hilfer fractional differential equations involving time-varying delays and non-instantaneous impulses. By Schauder's fixed point theorem, the contraction mapping principle and the Lagrange mean-value theorem, we present new constructive results as regards existence and uniqueness of solutions. In addition, under some new criteria and by applying the generalized Gronwall inequality, we deduce that the solutions of the addressed equation have finite-time stability. Some results in the literature can be generalized and improved. As an application, three typical examples are delineated to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.