Exigências de mantença e de ganho de proteína e de energia em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) na fase de 1 a 12 dias de idade

Abstract

RESUMO -Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de estimar as exigências em proteína e energia para mantença e ganho em 384 fêmeas de codornas japonesas de 1 a 12 dias de idade. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos, composto por seis repetições de dez aves. Os tratamentos foram: T 1 = dieta basal (DB) com 28% de proteína bruta (PB) e 2.900 kcal de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) fornecida à vontade; T 2 = 80%; T 3 = 60%; e T 4 = 40% do nível de oferta do T 1 (próximo à mantença). No início da fase experimental, quatro grupos (referência) de 15 codornas foram abatidos por deslocamento cervical, sem perdas de penas e de sangue. Para as estimativas das exigências de ganho, doze grupos de 15 codornas foram criados paralelamente, alimentados à vontade, sendo abatidos quatro grupos no 4 o , 8 o e 12 o dia. As aves de todas as parcelas também foram abatidas no 12 o dia, para estimar as exigências de mantença. As equações de predição para estimar as exigências diárias de mantença e de ganho em proteína e energia em codornas japonesas na fase de 1 a 12 dias foram, respectivamente: PB (g/d) = 2,845.P 0,75 + 0,461.G e EMAn (kcal/d) = 77,07.P 0,75 + 4,64.G, em que PB é a exigência de proteína bruta; P, o peso vivo (kg); G, o ganho de peso (kg); e EMAn, a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (kcal).Palavras-chave: deposição de nutrientes, energia, modelagem, proteína Maintenance and Weight Gain of Crude Protein and Metabolizable Energy Requirements of Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) from 1 to 12 Days of AgeABSTRACT -This experiment was carried out to estimate the crude protein and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and gain of 384 females of Japanese quails from 1 to 12 days of age. A completely randomized design with four treatments, with six replicates of ten birds each, was used. The treatments were: T 1 = basal diet (BD) with 28% CP and 2,900 kcal AMEn ad libitum; T 2 = 80%; T 3 = 60% and T 4 = 40% of ad libitum (close to maintenance). In the beginning of the experimental phase, four groups of 15 quails was slaughtered by cervical displacement. Gain requirements were obtained from 12 groups of 15 quails, that were separately reared and fed ad libitum. Therefore, four groups of fifteen birds were slaughtered at 4, 8 and 12 days of age. In the final of the experiment, all birds from pens were slaughtered to estimate maintenance requirements by the comparative slaughter methodology. The prediction equations to estimate daily CP and AMEn requirements of maintenance and gain of Japanese quails from 1 to 12 days of age were: CP (g/d) = 2.845.W .75 + 0.461.G and AMEn (kcal/d) = 77.07.P 0.75 + 4.64.G, where CP is crude protein, W is live weight (kg), G is weight gain and AMEn is apparent metabolizable energy nitrogen-corrected (kcal).

Prediction equations to estimate the demand of energy and crude protein for maintenance, gain and egg production for laying Japanese quails

“…Therefore, weight and egg mass decreased with food restriction increase due to lower protein intake. There was decrease in consumption and energy and protein retentions and heat production (Table 3) as basal diet supply was reduced in agreement with previous studies on chickens (Albino et al, 1994), young quails (Silva et al, 2004a) and growing quails (Silva et al, 2004b). Decreased consumption, decreased retention and heat production of quails was greater at the more severe restriction levels of consumption, indicating that the nutrients intake was not sufficient to meet the requirements for maintenance and egg production.…”

“…During the Japanese quails' performance (Table 2), there was a decrease in features as the supply of basal diet was reduced, according to results observed in pullets (Albino et al, 1994), young quails (Silva et al, 2004a) and quails at growth (Silva et al, 2004b).…”

Requirement for maintenance and gain of crude protein for two genotypes of growing quails

“…Silva & Costa (2009) showed that European quails had higher rate of daily gain and higher weight at maturity than the Japanese quails. These differences were confirmed by comparing the results of weight gain of Japanese quails from 2.76 g/hen/day of 1-12 days of age (Silva et al, 2004a) with the weight gain of European quails 3.27 g/hen/day of 1-14 days of age (Rezende et al, 2004).…”

Suplementação De Prebiótico (Mananoligossacarídeo) Na Dieta De Dois Genótipos De Codornas Em Crescimento

“…A diferença entre os genótipos pode ser atribuída às divergências genéticas, onde codornas europeias apresentam maior taxa de deposição para proteína (JORDÃO FILHO et al, 2012) exigem mais energia para mantença e são mais eficientes no uso da energia (Jordão Filho et al, 2011) e proteí-na para ganho que codornas japonesas (JORDÃO FILHO et al, 2012). De acordo com Silva et al (2004a), codornas japonesas aumentam o peso vivo em cerca de sete vezes de um a 14 dias de idade. No entanto, Silva et al (2004b) em outro trabalho, não encontraram a mesma evolução do peso vivo das codornas na fase de crescimento (15 a 32 dias).…”