Exhaust emissions of particulate matter from light-duty vehicles – an overview and the current situation

Bielaczyc, Piotr; Szczotka, Andrzej; Woodburn, Joseph

doi:10.19206/ce-2017-439

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The smaller the aerodynamic diameter of the particle, the easier it floats in the air and the easier it can be inhaled by humans (diameter \ 2.5 mm) or penetrate through the skin into the circulatory system (nanoparticles). Many toxicological studies show [34][35][36] that it is not the mass of particles that matters for health effects, but their number PM may decrease while PN may increase, which is indeed physically possible because for a given mass of fuel and lubricating oil converted to particles, the number of particles may vary considerably depending on their size.…”

Section: By-products Emitted By Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern engines equipped with particle filters can easily meet the imposed PM limits, while their PN emissions are below the limit and differ by orders of magnitude from PM. 34 Particulate emissions in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines are a function of a number of parameters including: engine type, engine operating conditions and fuel and lubricating oil composition. Of course, the efficiency of particulate filtering is important.…”

Section: By-products Emitted By Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of toxicity of hydrocarbons emitted by Euro 3 and Euro 6 vehicles at idle conditions by means of equivalent toxicity coefficients

Kęska

Janicka

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Hydrocarbons present in gases emitted by internal combustion engines are a coefficient determining the toxicity of exhaust gases. The study examined exhaust gases emitted by passenger vehicles meeting Euro 3 and Euro 6 emission standards. Equivalent toxicity coefficients were calculated for volatile organic compounds (RTER) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CER) identified by gas chromatography. Analysis of the RTER values showed that four out of the six vehicles tested exceeded the control RTER value. For two of the three Euro 6 vehicles, the CER value was higher than the control value. The study indicates that the toxicity of the mixture of hydrocarbons emitted by the tested vehicles meeting stricter emission standards is higher than in the case of older generation vehicles.

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Section: By-products Emitted By Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: By-products Emitted By Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of toxicity of hydrocarbons emitted by Euro 3 and Euro 6 vehicles at idle conditions by means of equivalent toxicity coefficients

Kęska

Janicka

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Due to the possibility of greater penetration into the human organism, particles of a smaller size, i.e., PM2.5, whose diameters are smaller than 2.5 µm, are more dangerous [1,3,4]. Motor vehicles driven by diesel and gasoline direct injection engines are important sources of particulate emissions [5][6][7]. However, the problem of particulate emissions is not related only to engine exhaust emissions but also affects all wheeled vehicles, taking particulate emissions from tire abrasion, road surfaces and brake mechanisms into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assessment of PM2.5 and PM10 Immission in Atmospheric Air in a Climate Chamber during Tests of an Electric Car on a Chassis Dynamometer

Jaworski,

Balawender,

Kuszewski

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Electric cars, like internal combustion vehicles, emit particulate pollution from non-exhaust systems, i.e., tires and brakes, which is included in the Euro 7 emission standard planned for implementation. Tests conducted on chassis dynamometers are accompanied by particulate emissions from non-exhaust systems, which are introduced into the ambient air on the test bench. Particulate emissions tests from non-engine systems on chassis dynamometers are mainly aimed at measuring the mass or number of particulates from tires and brakes. In contrast, little attention is paid to the immission of particulate matter from tires and brakes on the dynamometer during tests, which in the case of electric cars include, for example, measurements of energy consumption or range. Therefore, in order to draw attention to the problem of these emissions, the authors carried out measurements of PM2.5 and PM10 immissions into the air in the climatic chamber during tests of an electric car on a chassis dynamometer. The car tests were carried out in accordance with the WLTC (Worldwide harmonized Light duty Test Cycle) and at constant speed. Based on the test results, a model was proposed for the immission of particulate matter in laboratory air from tire and brake abrasion, taking traffic parameters into account. The results and the developed model show that air quality, in terms of particulate content, deteriorates significantly during testing.

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“…However, this does not mean that the problem is exclusive to the winter season. Sources of particulate emissions also include vehicles, especially vehicles with diesel engines [4,5], which, in addition to releasing dust from the abrasion of the tires, the road surface, clutch friction materials, or brakes, emit significant amounts of particulate matter in the engine exhaust [6,7]. In addition, internal combustion engines are a major source of NO X emissions in urban areas [2,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Cleaner Cities: An Analysis of the Impact of Bus Fleet Decomposition on PM and NOX Emissions Reduction in Sustainable Public Transport

Jaworski,

Mateichyk,

Kuszewski

et al. 2023

Energies

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The problem of poor air quality in urban areas has a negative impact on the health of residents. This is especially important during periods of smog. In Poland, as in other countries, the problem of poor air quality, especially during the winter season, is associated with a high concentration of particulate pollutants in ambient air (PM10, PM2.5). Sources of particulate emissions, in addition to solid-fuel boilers, include means of transportation, especially those equipped with diesel engines. In turn, during periods of strong sunshine (spring and summer), the problem of photochemical smog, whose precursors are nitrogen oxides NOX, arises in urban areas. Their main sources of emissions are internal combustion engines. Therefore, to improve air quality in urban areas, changes are being made in the transport sector, among which is upgrading the fleet of urban transport vehicles to low- or zero-emission vehicles, which are more environmentally friendly. In addition, measures that reduce the harmfulness of the transportation sector to air quality include the introduction of clean transportation zones, as well as park-and-ride (P&R) systems. The purpose of this article is to present the results in terms of PM10, PM2.5, and NOx emission reductions, implemented over a period of two years (2021–2022) in the area of the Rzeszow agglomeration, related to the modernization of the suburban bus fleet and the implementation of a P&R system for passenger cars. The results of the study were compared with the value of estimated emissions from coal-fired boilers used for residential heating and hot water, which also contribute to smog. Thanks to the implementation of the project, i.e., the replacement of 52 old buses with new buses of the Euro VI emission class and the construction of new P&R spaces, the total average annual reduction in emissions amounted to approximately 703.6 kg of PM10, approximately 692.7 kg of PM2.5, and a reduction of approximately 10.4 tons of NOX.

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Exhaust emissions of particulate matter from light-duty vehicles – an overview and the current situation

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of toxicity of hydrocarbons emitted by Euro 3 and Euro 6 vehicles at idle conditions by means of equivalent toxicity coefficients

Evaluation of toxicity of hydrocarbons emitted by Euro 3 and Euro 6 vehicles at idle conditions by means of equivalent toxicity coefficients

The Assessment of PM2.5 and PM10 Immission in Atmospheric Air in a Climate Chamber during Tests of an Electric Car on a Chassis Dynamometer

Towards Cleaner Cities: An Analysis of the Impact of Bus Fleet Decomposition on PM and NOX Emissions Reduction in Sustainable Public Transport

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