Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide, <scp>pH</scp> and leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> are associated with lower airway inflammation and airway cytology in the horse

Preez, S. du; Raidal, Sharanne; Doran, Gregory; Prescott, Matthew; Hughes, Kristopher

doi:10.1111/evj.12979

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…Finally, exhaled breath condensate is a promising source of biomarkers in human lung diseases. In horses, studies have investigated its use to diagnose lower airway inflammation and showed promising results for severe equine asthma but data for moderate equine asthma are still missing ( 80 ). Of note, evaluation of exhaled breath condensate can be difficult to set up on the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Found in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids of Horses With Severe Asthma and Correlate With Asthma Severity

et al. 2022

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Asthma encompasses a spectrum of heterogenous immune-mediated respiratory disorders sharing a similar clinical pattern characterized by cough, wheeze and exercise intolerance. In horses, equine asthma can be subdivided into severe or moderate asthma according to clinical symptoms and the extent of airway neutrophilic inflammation. While severe asthmatic horses are characterized by an elevated neutrophilic inflammation of the lower airways, cough, dyspnea at rest and high mucus secretion, horses with moderate asthma show a milder neutrophilic inflammation, exhibit intolerance to exercise but no labored breathing at rest. Yet, the physiopathology of different phenotypes of equine asthma remains poorly understood and there is a need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms tailoring those phenotypes in order to improve clinical management and elaborate novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we sought to quantify the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of moderate or severe asthmatic horses and healthy controls, and assessed whether NETs correlated with disease severity. To this end, we evaluated the amounts of NETs by measuring cell-free DNA and MPO-DNA complexes in BALF supernatants or by quantifying NETs release by BALF cells by confocal microscopy. We were able to unequivocally identify elevated NETs levels in BALF of severe asthmatic horses as compared to healthy controls or moderate asthmatic horses. Moreover, we provided evidence that BALF NETs release was a specific feature seen in severe equine asthma, as opposed to moderate asthma, and correlated with disease severity. Finally, we showed that NETs could act as a predictive factor for severe equine asthma. Our study thus uniquely identifies NETs in BALF of severe asthmatic horses using three distinct methods and supports the idea that moderate and severe equine asthma do not rely on strictly similar pathophysiological mechanisms. Our data also suggest that NETs represent a relevant biomarker, a putative driver and a potential therapeutic target in severe asthma disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Found in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids of Horses With Severe Asthma and Correlate With Asthma Severity

et al. 2022

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“…Exhaled breath condensate is a promising source of biomarkers of lung disease in humans. Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide concentration and pH were higher in horses with mild EA, vs. controls ( 69 ). Additionally, both hydrogen peroxide and pH had a positive association with BAL neutrophil percentage, while leukotriene B-4 demonstrated a positive association with BAL eosinophil percentage.…”

Section: Are Pertinent Biomarkers Of Equine Asthma Already Available mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis) in horses with severe EA presents an additional method to determine response to treatment ( 67 ), and recently the presence of degenerate neutrophils has been shown to raise suspicion for bacterial infection ( 68 ). The question of macrophage morphology as an indicator of inflammation is also an area that will profit from further investigation ( 69 ). Recently, as well, the paucigranulocytic phenotype has been described in which horses with clear signs of severe EA have low neutrophil percentages in the BAL ( 46 ).…”

Section: Recommended Minimum Database For Diagnosis Of Equine Asthma mentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions

et al. 2020

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The 2019 Havemeyer Workshop brought together researchers and clinicians to discuss the latest information on Equine Asthma and provide future research directions. Current clinical and molecular asthma phenotypes and endotypes in humans were discussed and compared to asthma phenotypes in horses. The role of infectious and non-infectious causes of equine asthma, genetic factors and proposed disease pathophysiology were reviewed. Diagnostic limitations were evident by the limited number of tests and biomarkers available to field practitioners. The participants emphasized the need for more accessible, standardized diagnostics that would help identify specific phenotypes and endotypes in order to create more targeted treatments or management strategies. One important outcome of the workshop was the creation of the Equine Asthma Group that will facilitate communication between veterinary practice and research communities through published and easily accessible guidelines and foster research collaboration.

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“…This prospective, cross‐sectional study by Surita du Preez and colleagues in Australia aimed to characterise associations between biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and the cytological and endoscopic findings in horses with lower airway inflammation .…”

Section: Exhaled Breath Condensate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Wright¹

2018

Equine Veterinary Education

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Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide, pH and leukotriene B₄ are associated with lower airway inflammation and airway cytology in the horse

Abstract: EBC pH and H O concentrations are altered by airway inflammation, suggesting a role for these biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of airway disease. Environmental and methodological factors can influence these biomarkers and should be considered in the interpretation of results.

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Found in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids of Horses With Severe Asthma and Correlate With Asthma Severity

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Found in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids of Horses With Severe Asthma and Correlate With Asthma Severity

Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

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Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide, pH and leukotriene B4 are associated with lower airway inflammation and airway cytology in the horse

Abstract: EBC pH and H O concentrations are altered by airway inflammation, suggesting a role for these biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of airway disease. Environmental and methodological factors can influence these biomarkers and should be considered in the interpretation of results.

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Found in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids of Horses With Severe Asthma and Correlate With Asthma Severity

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Found in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids of Horses With Severe Asthma and Correlate With Asthma Severity

Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide, pH and leukotriene B₄ are associated with lower airway inflammation and airway cytology in the horse