Exercise Performance Is a Prognostic Indicator in Elderly Patients With Chronic Heart Failure　– Application of Metabolic Exercise Cardiac Kidney Indexes Score –

Role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in clinical stratification in heart failure. A position paper from the Committee on Exercise Physiology and Training of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology

“…Nonetheless, symptom‐limited CPET is feasible, safe and reproducible in stable elderly HFrEF patients, and the decrease in peak VO 2 and the increase in VE/VCO 2 slope values are related to age . CPET also predicts outcomes in the elderly with HFrEF: key studies are summarized in Table . As mention, results must be interpreted with caution, since a sizeable number of patients were excluded because of respiratory disorders, arrhythmias, angina, joint diseases, neurological disorders, claudication, frailty, or disease severity .…”

Exercise and heart failure: an update

“…82 • Elderly HF patients: Older patients with HF are a high-risk population with lower exercise performance, and the MECKI score maintains its prognostic value also in older patients. 83 • Women with HF: Women with HF live longer than do men even though their peak VO 2 is lower; however, the female prognostic advantage is lost when sex-specific differences are correctly taken into account with propensity score matching, suggesting adjustments for sex-related characteristics in HF model. 84 • Obese with HF: The prognostic contribution of peak VO 2 overwhelms the prognostic capacity of body mass index, so that the so-called obesity paradox in systolic HF does not exist, and it is due to a patient selection bias.…”

Multiparametric prognostic scores in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a long‐term comparison

“…The MECKI score was later successfully validated in another population of HF patients on optimal pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatment and with a comparatively lower event rate . Moreover, the MECKI score database is constantly updated, and additional HF units have contributed to the database by sharing their results …”