Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men

Middelbeek, Roeland; Motiani, Piryanka; Brandt, Nina; Nigro, Pasquale; Zheng, Jia; Virtanen, Kirsi A.; Kalliokoski, Kari K.; Hannukainen, Jarna C.; Goodyear, Laurie J.

doi:10.1038/s41387-020-00144-x

Cited by 34 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The appetite-related hormone leptin is a well-known adipokine (11,12) reported to stimulate hepcidin production in mice and cultured cells (13,14). Exercise training modulates leptin levels and sensitivity, as well as appetite (15)(16)(17), and leptininduced modulation of hepcidin may affect energy availability. Leptin is lower in body fat during fasting and acute exercise, which generally depicts the state of endurance runners (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparisons Between Serum Levels of Hepcidin and Leptin in Male College-Level Endurance Runners and Sprinters

et al. 2021

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Background: Hepcidin-25 is a 25 amino acid hepatokine and a key regulator of iron metabolism related to iron deficiency anemia. Recent studies have suggested that an elevated hepcidin level is correlated with low energy availability. Leptin is an appetite-suppressing adipokine and has been reported to stimulate hepcidin production in animals and cultured cells. While leptin is modulated by exercise, it is known that endurance runners and sprinters practice different types of exercise. This study investigated and compared the relationships between hepcidin and leptin levels, iron status, and body fat to understand better the risk of iron deficiency anemia in endurance runners and sprinters.Methods: Thirty-six male college track and field athletes (15 endurance runners and 21 sprinters) were recruited for this study. Dietary intake, body composition, and blood levels of ferritin, hepcidin-25, leptin, and adiponectin were measured. Correlations between hepcidin levels and ferritin, body fat, leptin, and adiponectin were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient for each group.Results: The endurance runners had lower hepcidin levels and higher leptin and adiponectin levels compared with sprinters. Ferritin was positively correlated with hepcidin-25 levels in both the endurance and sprinter groups. A positive correlation was observed between hepcidin-25 and body fat or leptin levels only in sprinters.Conclusion: This is the first study investigating the relationship between blood levels of hepcidin and leptin in athletes. The positive correlation between hepcidin-25 and leptin was observed in sprinters but not endurance runners.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of exercise performed by athletes differentially exercise time, body fat, and hormone secretion, including leptin (15)(16)(17). In track and field clubs, endurance runners and sprinters typically engage in different types of exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons Between Serum Levels of Hepcidin and Leptin in Male College-Level Endurance Runners and Sprinters

et al. 2021

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“…[25] Middelbeek et alcompared moderate-intensity endurance training and high-intensity interval training in sedentary men. [29] Exercise training reduced IL-6 concentrations in healthy men by 49% in sprint interval training and by 11% in moderate-intensity training. [29] Rose et al found that sprint and endurance training groups the levels of IL 6 and TNF-α were similar in both groups, while IL-10 levels were higher in sprinters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[29] Exercise training reduced IL-6 concentrations in healthy men by 49% in sprint interval training and by 11% in moderate-intensity training. [29] Rose et al found that sprint and endurance training groups the levels of IL 6 and TNF-α were similar in both groups, while IL-10 levels were higher in sprinters. [30] IL-17 is a cytokine which aids T-cells in the inflammatory response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Acute Effect of Repeated Sprint and Aerobic Endurance Training on Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells and Cytokine Levels

Akkoç¹,

Genç²,

Özel³

et al. 2021

TJI

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Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the acute effect of repeated sprints and aerobic endurance training on Foxp3+ T regulatory cells and cytokines. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 16 sprinters and 16 long distance runners. Each subject was divided into his/her own branch as sprinting and distance training. Within the scope of the study, the height, body weight, sporting age, Foxp3+ T regulatory cells and cytokine values of subjects were recorded. Immunity subparameters were compared in venous blood samples taken before and after training. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the values before and after training with level of statistical significance accepted as p<0.05. Results: A statistically significant change was not observed for Foxp3+ T regulatory cells before and after training in sprinter (p=0.47) and distance runners (p=0.52). Sprinters had increased IL-2 (p=0.00), IL-4 (p=0.00), IL-10 (p=0.02), IL-17 (p=0.000) and TNF-α (p=0.000), decreased IL-6 (p=0.000) and unchanged IFN-γ levels (p=0.81). Distance runners had increased IL-4 (p=0.000), IL-10 (p=0.000), IL-17 levels (p<0.00), decreased TNF-α (p=0.00), IL-2 (p=0.05) and unchanged IFN-γ (p=0.15) and IL-6 (p=0.15). Conclusion: Immune system is affected by the intensity and type of exercise. It can be said that anaerobic exercises like sprinting with high intensity supress the immune system more severely.

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“…Finally, non-invasive and non-pharmacological approaches have been reported to increase klotho. A recent study showed blood klotho concentrations were increased after 2 weeks of moderate intensity training in men [ 82 ] and even after a single bout of high-intensity exercise [ 83 , 84 ]. The effect of diet on the expression of klotho has also been investigated.…”

Section: Approaches To Increase Klotho Levels In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the neuroprotective effects of α-klotho to tackle ageing- and neurodegeneration-related cognitive dysfunction

2021

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Cognitive dysfunction is a key symptom of aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Strategies to enhance cognition would impact the quality of life for a significant proportion of the ageing population. The ɑ-klotho protein may protect against cognitive decline through multiple mechanisms: such as promoting optimal synaptic function via activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor signalling; stimulating the anti-oxidant defence system; reducing inflammation; promoting autophagy; and enhancing clearance of amyloid-β. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which ɑ-klotho mediates these neuroprotective functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Key questions remain unanswered: which form of ɑ-klotho (transmembrane, soluble or secreted) mediates its cognitive enhancing properties; what is the neuronal receptor for ɑ-klotho and which signalling pathways are activated by ɑ-klotho in the brain to enhance cognition; how does peripherally administered ɑ-klotho mediate neuroprotection; and what is the molecular basis for the beneficial effect of the VS variant of ɑ-klotho? In this review we summarise the recent research on neuronal ɑ-klotho and discuss how the neuroprotective properties of ɑ-klotho could be exploited to tackle age- and neurodegeneration-associated cognitive dysfunction.

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Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men

Cited by 34 publications

References 49 publications

Comparisons Between Serum Levels of Hepcidin and Leptin in Male College-Level Endurance Runners and Sprinters

Comparisons Between Serum Levels of Hepcidin and Leptin in Male College-Level Endurance Runners and Sprinters

Acute Effect of Repeated Sprint and Aerobic Endurance Training on Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells and Cytokine Levels

Exploiting the neuroprotective effects of α-klotho to tackle ageing- and neurodegeneration-related cognitive dysfunction

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