Exercise influences spatial learning in the radial arm maze

Anderson, Brenda J.; Rapp, David N.; Baek, David H; McCloskey, Daniel P.; Coburn-Litvak, P.S.; Robinson, John K.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00282-1

Cited by 190 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This conclusion is supported by the superior escape latencies, more time spent in the correct zone, and reduced pathlength in the MWM of the runners over the nonrunners. Our finding that spatial memory is improved by running is consistent with previous reports (Samorajski et al, 1985;Fordyce and Farrar, 1991a,b;Anderson et al, 2000). However, Barnes et al (1991) did not observe any beneficial effects from exercise, while Braszko et al (2001) observed that 6 weeks of daily treadmill running has an adverse influence on 'poor performers', but no effects on 'good performers' in learning a complex tasks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Animal studies on rats and mice reported better cognitive performance as a result of increased physical activities (Samorajski et al, 1985;Fordyce and Farrar, 1991a,b;Anderson et al, 2000). In human subjects, it was reported that physically fit individuals have better cognitive and memory performance when compared to their sedentary peers (Diesfeldt and DiesfeldtGroenendijk, 1977;Young, 1979;Emery et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there exist some controversies in the literature, for example, 6-week long physical exercise has been reported to slow the parallel learning of a complex task in rats (Braszko et al, 2001). Most studies involving exercise were based on voluntary running paradigms (Samorajski et al, 1985;Neeper et al, 1996;Van Praag et al, 1999;Anderson et al, 2000). While this is largely in line with ethological animal behaviors, voluntary and forced exercise influenced survival and body composition differently in rats (Narath et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in spatial learning and memory after forced exercise

et al. 2006

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A B S T R A C TExercise has been shown to influence learning and memory. Most studies were performed with a voluntary running paradigm (e.g. running wheel) in mice. However, such effects of exercise on learning and memory are less well demonstrated using a forced running paradigm (e.g. treadmill). The present study was designed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of forced treadmill running on learning and memory performance in rats. We have previously shown that forced running resulted in qualitative and quantitative changes in the cholinergic neurons of the horizontal diagonal band of Broca (HDB) in the septum. This study was conducted in order to determine whether or not these changes occur simultaneously with enhanced learning and memory. The one-day version of the Morris water maze (MWM) test [Frick, K.M., Stillner, E.T., Berger-Sweeney, J., 2000. Mice are not little rats: species differences in a one-day water maze task. NeuroReport 11, 3461-3465] was used to test spatial learning and memory after the exercise period. Our data showed that runners displayed better spatial learning and memory when compared to nonrunners. This was evidently shown by a reduction in the time required for spatial acquisition (p < 0.05) and superior probe trial performance (p < 0.05). A shorter distance swam by the runners also suggested improved learning over the nonrunners (p < 0.05). In an attempt to revalidate our earlier quantitative results, we used design-based stereology (DBS) to estimate the number of cholinergic neuronal profile population in the medial septum and diagonal band (MSDB).We confirmed that forced running increased the cholinergic neuronal profile subpopulation in the HDB (Coefficient of Error < 0.2). Taken together, these results indicate that forced exercise could influence learning and memory with a concomitant increase in the number of cholinergic neurons in the HDB.⁎ Corresponding authors. E.-T. Ang is to be contacted at

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in spatial learning and memory after forced exercise

et al. 2006

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“…The present study confirms that access to a running wheel increases hippocampal BDNF concentration (Neeper et al, 1995), hippocampal neurogenesis (van Praag, Kempermann, & Gage, 1999), and spatial learning (Anderson et al, 2000) in normal rodents. The study also confirms that there is a strong positive correlation between running distance and neurogenesis in normal mice (Allen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis to high levels but does not improve spatial learning in mice bred for increased voluntary wheel running.

Rhodes

Praag

Jeffrey

et al. 2003

Behavioral Neuroscience

229

179

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The hippocampus is important for the acquisition of new memories. It is also one of the few regions in the adult mammalian brain that can generate new nerve cells. The authors tested the hypothesis that voluntary exercise increases neurogenesis and enhances spatial learning in mice selectively bred for high levels of wheel running (S mice). Female S mice and outbred control (C) mice were housed with and without running wheels for 40 days. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine was used to label dividing cells. The Morris water maze was used to measure spatial learning. C runners showed a strong positive correlation between running distance and new cell number, as well as improved learning. In S runners, neurogenesis increased to high levels that reached a plateau, but no improvement in learning occurred. This is the first evidence that neurogenesis can occur without learning enhancement. The authors propose an alternative function of neurogenesis in the control of motor behavior.

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“…Irradiation-induced decreases in neurogenesis have been linked to significant hyperactivity and cognitive impairments (16)(17)(18)(19). Voluntary running is known to increase cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rodents (20)(21)(22), with concomitant improvements in cognitive function, spatial memory, and learning (23)(24)(25). Exercise also significantly alters the microenvironment of the hippocampus in rodents, with increased growth factor expression (26,27) and synaptic plasticity (28,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary running rescues adult hippocampal neurogenesis after irradiation of the young mouse brain

Naylor

Bull²,

Nilsson

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

183

168

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Cranial radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of childhood cancers. It is associated with cognitive impairments tentatively linked to the hippocampus, a neurogenic region of the brain important in memory function and learning. Hippocampal neurogenesis is positively regulated by voluntary exercise, which is also known to improve hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions. In this work, we irradiated the brains of C57/BL6 mice on postnatal day 9 and evaluated both the acute effects of irradiation and the effects of voluntary running on hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior 3 months after irradiation. Voluntary running significantly restored precursor cell and neurogenesis levels after a clinically relevant, moderate dose of irradiation. We also found that irradiation perturbed the structural integration of immature neurons in the hippocampus and that this was reversed by voluntary exercise. Furthermore, irradiation-induced behavior alterations observed in the open-field test were ameliorated. Together, these results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of physical exercise for functional and structural recovery from radiation-induced injury to the juvenile brain, and they suggest that exercise should be evaluated in rehabilitation therapy of childhood cancer survivors.exercise ͉ juvenile ͉ open field ͉ radiotherapy ͉ stem cell

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Exercise influences spatial learning in the radial arm maze

Cited by 190 publications

References 25 publications

Alterations in spatial learning and memory after forced exercise

Alterations in spatial learning and memory after forced exercise

Exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis to high levels but does not improve spatial learning in mice bred for increased voluntary wheel running.

Voluntary running rescues adult hippocampal neurogenesis after irradiation of the young mouse brain

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