Exercise induced mechano-sensing and Substance P mediated bone modeling in Atlantic salmon

Ytteborg, Elisabeth; Torgersen, Jacob; Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Helland, Ståle J.; Takle, Harald

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.025

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Primary antibodies used were rabbit polyclonal antibodies against salmon collagen type I (BioLogo, Kiel, Germany), human/mouse inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Rockford, USA) and human/mouse vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF (147: sc-507, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Heidelberg, Germany). All were tested for reactivity and specificity in Atlantic salmon [26-28]. Primary antibodies were diluted to a concentration of 5-10 μg/ml in 1 × PBST with 2% dry milk and 1% DMSO.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac responses to elevated seawater temperature in Atlantic salmon

Jørgensen

Castro²,

Krasnov

et al. 2014

BMC Physiol

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BackgroundAtlantic salmon aquaculture operations in the Northern hemisphere experience large seasonal fluctuations in seawater temperature. With summer temperatures often peaking around 18-20°C there is growing concern about the effects on fish health and performance. Since the heart has a major role in the physiological plasticity and acclimation to different thermal conditions in fish, we wanted to investigate how three and eight weeks exposure of adult Atlantic salmon to 19°C, previously shown to significantly reduce growth performance, affected expression of relevant genes and proteins in cardiac tissues under experimental conditions.ResultsTranscriptional responses in cardiac tissues after three and eight weeks exposure to 19°C (compared to thermal preference, 14°C) were analyzed with cDNA microarrays and validated by expression analysis of selected genes and proteins using real-time qPCR and immunofluorescence microscopy. Up-regulation of heat shock proteins and cell signaling genes may indicate involvement of the unfolded protein response in long-term acclimation to elevated temperature. Increased immunofluorescence staining of inducible nitric oxide synthase in spongy and compact myocardium as well as increased staining of vascular endothelial growth factor in epicardium could reflect induced vascularization and vasodilation, possibly related to increased oxygen demand. Increased staining of collagen I in the compact myocardium of 19°C fish may be indicative of a remodeling of connective tissue with long-term warm acclimation. Finally, higher abundance of transcripts for genes involved in innate cellular immunity and lower abundance of transcripts for humoral immune components implied altered immune competence in response to elevated temperature.ConclusionsLong-term exposure of Atlantic salmon to 19°C resulted in cardiac gene and protein expression changes indicating that the unfolded protein response, vascularization, remodeling of connective tissue and altered innate immune responses were part of the cardiac acclimation or response to elevated temperature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac responses to elevated seawater temperature in Atlantic salmon

Jørgensen

Castro²,

Krasnov

et al. 2014

BMC Physiol

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“…The transduction of mechanical signals through the canaliculi network of the teleost cellular bone is not well understood and underlying mechanisms have not yet been proven to be comparable to those in mammalian or avian bone (Fiaz et al., ). Despite being different in respect to the occurrence of osteocytes, both acellular and cellular teleost bones are capable of responding to mechanical changes and adapt accordingly (Aceto et al., ; Cardeira, Bensimon‐Brito, Pousão‐Ferreira, Cancela, & Gavaia, ; Cardeira, Mendes, Pousão‐Ferreira, Cancela, & Gavaia, ; Chatani et al., ; Fiaz et al., ; Fiaz, Léon‐Kloosterziel, et al., ; Gorman, Handrigan, Jin, Wallis, & Breden, ; Kihara, Ogata, Kawano, Kubota, & Yamaguchi, ; Kitamura et al., ; Kranenbarg, van Cleynenbreugel, Schipper, & van Leeuwen, ; Kranenbarg, Waarsing, Muller, Weinans, & van Leeuwen, ; Owen, Eynon, Woodgate, Davies, & Fox, ; Suzuki et al., ; Totland et al., ; Witten, Gil‐Martens, Hall, Huysseune, & Obach, ; Yano et al., ; Ytteborg, Torgersen, Baeverfjord, & Takle, ; Ytteborg et al., ). It is thus clear that the teleost bone holds a functional mechanosensing system, in which osteocytes (at least for the acellular bone) do not play a central role.…”

Section: Detection Of Mechanical Stimuli and Primary Cellular Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substance P and its receptor NK‐1 were shown to be involved in mechanosensing mechanisms in the cellular bone of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). The expression of substance P and nk1 genes in osteoblasts and osteocytes of vertebral tissue was shown to be up‐regulated upon sustained swimming exercise (Ytteborg et al., ). The fact that the expression of both substance P and its receptor are coincidental reinforces the hypothesis that in teleost bone, even in cellular bone, signal detection and response are co‐localized (Fiaz et al., ; Ytteborg et al., ).…”

Section: Detection Of Mechanical Stimuli and Primary Cellular Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, bone formation was accelerated in developing zebrafish larvae upon induced swimming (Fiaz et al., ), and exercise triggered an increase in Collal production by osteoblasts in developing Atlantic salmon vertebrae (Ytteborg et al., ). Moreover, the expression of genes coding for bone matrix proteins, such as osteocalcin and osteonectin , and the transcription factor runx2 , were up‐regulated in exercised fish, suggesting an enhanced osteoblastic differentiation and osteoid production (Ytteborg et al., ). Considerable architectural alterations were also reported in developing vertebrae of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), i.e.…”

Section: Phenotypical Adaptations To Disturbed Mechanical Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Teleost bone was shown to respond to external mechanical loading already in early stages of development. Indeed, bone formation was accelerated in developing zebrafish larvae upon induced swimming (Fiaz et al, 2012), and exercise triggered an increase in Collal production by osteoblasts in developing Atlantic salmon vertebrae (Ytteborg et al, 2013). Moreover, the expression of genes coding for bone matrix proteins, such as osteocalcin and osteonectin, and the transcription factor runx2, were up-regulated in exercised fish, TA B L E 1 Phenotypic adaptations of teleosts bone to induce mechanical stress.…”

Section: Phenot Ypic Al Adap Tati On S To Dis Turb Ed Mechanic Al Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An overview on the teleost bone mechanophysiology

et al. 2018

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Summary Vertebrate tissues are plastic and actively adapt to the mechanical environment. Teleost bone, despite differences with its mammalian counterpart, also responds to mechanical loading, evidencing the presence of a functional mechanosensing system. Deformities such as spinal curvatures and vertebral compressions can result in internal loading disturbances. On the other hand, the external mechanical loading can be modulated by controlling gravity (i.e. inducing micro‐ or hyper‐gravity) or swimming conditions. There is an increasing interest in understanding teleost bone mechanobiology resulting from the current importance of teleosts as aquaculture resources and as biomedical models. Thus, this paper aims at reviewing relevant data that contribute to understanding fundamental questions, such as how teleost bone recognizes the biomechanical environment and how it phenotypically responds to specific mechanical changes. Particularly relevant for research purposes, technological and technical aspects of one of the most used loading‐induced systems, the swimming exercise, are also presented.

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Crosstalk between Bone and Nerves within Bone

et al. 2021

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For the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner. In the present review, the possible crosstalk between bone and intrabony peripheral nerves will be comprehensively analyzed. Peripheral nerves participate in bone development and repair via a host of signals generated through the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors and neurotrophins, with additional contribution from nerve‐resident cells. In return, bone contributes to this microenvironmental rendezvous by housing the nerves within its internal milieu to provide mechanical support and a protective shelf. A large ensemble of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues works in harmony with bone marrow stromal cells in the regulation of intrabony nerves. The crosstalk between bone and nerves is not limited to the physiological state, but also involved in various bone diseases including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, psychological stress‐related bone abnormalities, and bone related tumors. This crosstalk may be harnessed in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds for repair of bone defects or be targeted for treatment of diseases related to bone and peripheral nerves.

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Exercise induced mechano-sensing and Substance P mediated bone modeling in Atlantic salmon

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Cardiac responses to elevated seawater temperature in Atlantic salmon

Cardiac responses to elevated seawater temperature in Atlantic salmon

An overview on the teleost bone mechanophysiology

Crosstalk between Bone and Nerves within Bone

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