Exercise-induced deep pectoral myopathy in broiler fowls and turkeys

Siller, W. G.; Wight, P.A.L.; Martindale, L.

doi:10.1007/bf02291463

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Why unilateral DPM lesions develop when both wings appear to flap equally has not been elucidated. This observation is consistent with those reported by Siller et al [17] in broiler chickens and Harper et al [18] in turkeys when using the forced wing exercise method.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Several DPM induction methods have been used to describe and investigate the pathogenesis of this condition. These include surgical occlusion of the vascular supply [14][15][16], electrical stimulation of the muscle [16] and forced wing exercise [17,18]. The latter technique differs from the encouraged wing flapping (EWF) technique described in the present paper in that the forced wing exercise is induced by holding birds by the hocks and tilting them backward.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Induction of deep pectoral myopathy in broiler chickens via encouraged wing flapping

Lien¹,

Bilgili²,

Hess³

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

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Deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) is an ischemic necrosis of the pectoralis minor muscles of poultry first described in adult turkeys [1,2], later in adult broiler breeders [3], and finally in young broiler chickens [4]. Extensive investigations and reviews on the etiology and pathophysiology of DPM have been published [5][6][7][8]. Reports of the occurrence of DPM in broilers, especially those marketed at heavy BW for further processing, have occurred more frequently in the past decade than in the previous decade [9][10][11][12]. The pectoralis minor muscles are uniquely susceptible to this type of lesion because they are surrounded by an inelastic membrane (fascia) and located at a site (i.e., between the sternum and pectoralis major muscle), which SUMMARY A reproducible method for inducing deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) in broilers was investigated. To induce DPM, broilers were subjected to encouraged wing flapping (EWF) by repeatedly raising and lowering them a distance of 1 m. Each cycle resulted in 1 bout of 4 to 6 flaps. At 45 d of age, no DPM occurred in control birds subjected to 0 cycles of EWF or those subjected to 5 cycles, whereas the prevalence of DPM (% of pectoralis minor muscles with lesions) was 7 and 33% in those subjected to 10 and 20 cycles of EWF, respectively. The prevalence of DPM in broilers subjected to 25 cycles of EWF at 49 d of age was 56% and was unaffected by sex or a 0.4-kg difference in BW. The involvement of DPM (i.e., % of muscle surface discolored) and the discoloration score (predominant color of lesions) were also unaffected by sex or BW. The prevalence of DPM at 48 or 120 h after EWF averaged 48% and was unaffected by time from EWF. However, involvement of DPM and discoloration increased with time from EWF, reflecting a change in lesion extent or visibility, and color. Susceptibility to EWF-induced DPM was observed at 26 d of age in males and 36 d of age in females. The prevalence of DPM was greater in males at 33 and 36 d, but was similar thereafter and was unaffected by BW. Therefore, the EWF method of DPM induction is useful for accentuating the occurrence of the disease to facilitate further study and that susceptibility to DPM is primarily associated with age above certain thresholds for each sex.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Induction of deep pectoral myopathy in broiler chickens via encouraged wing flapping

Lien¹,

Bilgili²,

Hess³

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The lesion reported by Orr and Riddell (1977), Jones et al (1978) and Wight and Siller (1980) was confined to the deep pectoral muscle (Musculus supracoracoideus) and has recent been shown to be an exercise-induced lesion (Siller et al, 1979a) that can be experimentally prevented by fasciotomy (Siller et al, 1979b). A myopathy that principally affected the deep pectoral muscle and to a lesser extent the M. pectoralis and M. ambiens of 27-32-week-old breeder hens was found by Page and Fletcher (1975) to be selenium and vitamin E-responsive, in spite of the fact the analysis of rations showed adequate levels of these constituents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Acute pectoral myopathy in broiler breeders

Randall

1982

Avian Pathology

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“…Therefore, for comparative purposes, two broiler-breeder and two light-weight hens were stimulated by exercise in the manner described by Siller et al (1979b). The rate of wing-flapping was initially high but exhaustion supervened after 2540 sec.…”

Section: Experiments 5 Exercise Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The condition has been reproduced experimentally in a strain of light-weight laying hens by occluding the subclavian artery (Siller et al, 1978) and in broiler breeder hens (a) by electrical stimulation of the muscle, either directly or via the pectoral nerve (Wight et al, 1979) or (b) by exercising the flight muscles to exhaustion (Siller et al, 1979b). Furthermore, evidence has been produced (Siller et al, 1979a) to suggest that the cause of the localised ischaemic necrosis lies in mechanical strangulation of the supracoracoid muscle within the osteofascial compartment, so that the pathogenesis appears to be analogous to that of "March gangrene" of man (Blandy and Fuller, 1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%