Exercise habituation is effective for improvement of periodontal disease status: a prospective intervention study

Abstract

Background and purposePeriodontal disease is closely related to lifestyle-related diseases and obesity. It is widely known that moderate exercise habits lead to improvement in lifestyle-related diseases and obesity. However, little research has been undertaken into how exercise habits affect periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise habits on periodontal diseases and metabolic pathology.MethodsWe conducted a prospective intervention research for 12 weeks. The subjects were 71 obese men who participated in an exercise and/or dietary intervention program. Fifty subjects were assigned to exercise interventions (exercise intervention group) and 21 subjects were assigned to dietary interventions (dietary intervention group). This research was conducted before and after each intervention program.ResultsIn the exercise intervention group, the number of teeth with a probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm significantly decreased from 14.4% to 5.6% (P<0.001), and the number of teeth with bleeding on probing (BOP) significantly decreased from 39.8% to 14.4% (P<0.001). The copy counts of Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola decreased significantly (P=0.001). A positive correlation was found between the change in the copy count of T. denticola and the number of teeth with PPD ≥4 mm (P=0.003) and the number of teeth with BOP (P=0.010). A positive correlation was also found between the change in the copy count of T. denticola and body weight (P=0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.049), and fasting insulin (P=0.041). However, in the dietary intervention group the copy count of T. denticola decreased significantly (P=0.007) and there was no correlation between the number of periodontal disease-causing bacteria and PPD and BOP.ConclusionOur results are the first to show that exercise might contribute to improvements in periodontal disease.

Effects of Exercise on the Oral Microbiota and Saliva of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…We have previously contributed to studies comparing the effects of dietary restriction and exercise regimens in obese middle-aged men with NAFLD [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. In a series of clinical and animal studies [ 22 ], we showed that exercise: (a) ameliorated hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation/fibrosis [ 18 ]; (b) increased the phagocytic capacity of Kupffer cells [ 19 ]; (c) increased the hepatic clearance of LPS and reduced the innate immune response to LPS [ 22 ]; (d) activated the antioxidative stress-responsive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased the anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses [ 18 ]; and, (e) ameliorated periodontitis and reduced the populations of certain periodontal bacterial taxa [ 21 ]. These results suggest that oral bacteria are important in the development and progression of NAFLD, and that an exercise regimen may change the composition of the oral microflora and ameliorate periodontal disease.…”

“…In the present study, we aimed to analyze the residual saliva of previous study [ 21 ], conduct a metagenomic analysis of the oral microflora, and compare the metabolic activities of the microflora of obese patients with NAFLD and periodontal disease before and after a 12-week exercise regimen or a dietary regimen to define the changes in the oral environment and underlying any improvements.…”

Effects of Resistance Exercises on Body Composition and Some Biochemical Parameters

“…In another study, 40-70% of intensity resistance exercise program, which was applied 3 days a week for 8 weeks, was found to decrease AST and ALT levels in overweight individuals (Gholami, 2018). In a different study, it was found that exercise program applied for 12 weeks decreased AST values in obese individuals and did not change much in ALT (Omori et al, 2018). This study has shown that Resistance exercises have positive effects on blood lipids in general.…”

Impact of risk factor control interventions for smoking cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles in patients with periodontitis: A systematic review

“…A total of seven studies reported their impact of dietary interventions in patients with periodontitis (Table ) (Fridell et al, ; Holmer et al, ; Jenzsch et al, ; Kondo et al, ; Omori et al, ; Woelber et al, ; Zare Javid et al, ). Their research protocols showed increased heterogeneity with study durations from 4 weeks to 12 months and sample sizes between 8 and 71 subjects.…”

“…In a more recent systematic review on the promotion of healthy lifestyles, smoking cessation was shown to be effective when applied in the dental practice while further evidence for dietary counselling in the dental setting was limited (Ramseier & Suvan, 2015 loss. Accordingly, with this systematic review, several studies were qualifying for more than one risk factor control intervention such as physical exercise (activity) and dietary changes (Omori et al, 2018) or weight loss, carbohydrate (dietary sugar) reduction and dietary…”