Exercise for people with high cardiovascular risk

Serón, Pamela; Lanas, Fernando; Pardo-Hernandez, Héctor; Cosp, Xavier Bonfill

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009387.pub2

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This result stands in contrast to a minor reduction that could be expected after exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes only [ 9 ]. However, in patients with CAD or multiple cardiovascular risk factors metaanalyses of exercise interventions have not demonstrated beneficial change in LDL cholesterol [ 32 , 33 ]. The patients in the present study all had CAD and type 2 diabetes, and most of them several other CVD risk factors in addition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise training on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Influence of carotid plaques

Byrkjeland

Stensæth

Anderssen

et al. 2016

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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BackgroundCarotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) holds prognostic information for future cardiovascular disease and is associated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. We investigated the effect of exercise on cIMT progression in patients with both type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes and CAD (n = 137) were randomized to exercise training or standard follow-up. The 12 month exercise program contained 150 min weekly of combined aerobic and resistance training. High-resolution ultrasonography of the distal part of the common carotid artery (CCA) was performed to measure cIMT before and after the intervention. The CCA and the carotid bulb were scanned for the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Differences in changes between the randomized groups were calculated by one-way ANCOVA.ResultsIn the total population no difference in changes of cIMT from baseline to 12 months was observed between the exercise group and controls [−0.016 mm (95 % CI −0.037 to 0.006) vs. −0.007 mm (95 % CI −0.029 to 0.015), p = 0.57]. However, there was a significant interaction between the effect of exercise training and the presence of carotid plaques (p = 0.013), and significant reduced cIMT was demonstrated in the exercise group compared with controls in patients without identified carotid plaques (n = 65) [−0.034 mm (95 % CI −0.060 to 0.008) vs. 0.013 mm (95 % CI −0.011 to 0.038), p = 0.010].ConclusionOne year of exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD did not significantly change cIMT progression. However, in patients without identified carotid plaques, beneficial effect of exercise training on cIMT progression was demonstrated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise training on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Influence of carotid plaques

Byrkjeland

Stensæth

Anderssen

et al. 2016

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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“…Exercise training may also decrease non-HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and LDL-P, which reflects a less atherogenic profile. 62,64,65 Improvements in lipid parameters are accentuated when increased physical activity is accompanied by negative caloric balance and substantial fat weight loss in patients with overweight or obesity.…”

Section: Nutrition and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

National Lipid Association Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology 2016

Bays

Jones

Orringer

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Lipidology

114

100

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The National Lipid Association (NLA) Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology is a yearly updated summary of principles important to the patient-centered evaluation, management, and care of patients with dyslipidemia. This summary is intended to be a "living document," with future annual updates based on emerging science, clinical considerations, and new NLA Position, Consensus, and Scientific Statements, thus providing an ongoing resource that applies the latest in medical science towards the clinical management of patients with dyslipidemia. Topics include the NLA Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia, genetics, Familial Hypercholesterolemia, secondary causes of dyslipidemia, biomarkers and advanced lipid testing, nutrition, physical activity, obesity, adiposopathy, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, lipid pharmacotherapy, lipid-altering drug interactions, lipoprotein apheresis, dyslipidemia management and treatment based upon age (children, adolescents, and older individuals), dyslipidemia considerations based upon race, ethnicity and gender, dyslipidemia and human immune virus infection, dyslipidemia and immune disorders, adherence strategies and collaborative care, and lipid-altering drugs in development. Hyperlinks direct the reader to sentinel online tables, charts, and figures relevant to lipidology, access to online atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculators, worldwide lipid guidelines, recommendations, and position/scientific statements, as well as links to online audio files, websites, slide shows, applications, continuing medical education opportunities, and patient information.

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“…Evidence for the effects of exercise training in humans with cardiovascular disease is mixed, and the exercise programs that have been used to investigate these effects use highly varied methods and outcome measures (Mishra et al 2012, Seron et al 2014). The Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training (HF-ACTION) Trial is the largest clinical trial to date examining the effects of AET in patients with reduced ejection fraction or New York Heart Association class II-IV heart failure who were normalized to exercise training or usual care (Flynn et al 2009, O’Connor et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for distinct effects of exercise in different cardiac hypertrophic disorders

2015

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Aerobic exercise training (AET) attenuates or reverses pathological cardiac remodeling after insults such as chronic hypertension and myocardial infarction. The phenotype of the pathologically hypertrophied heart depends on the insult; therefore, it is likely that distinct types of pathological hypertrophy require different exercise regimens. However, the mechanisms by which AET improves the structure and function of the pathologically hypertrophied heart are not well understood, and exercise research uses highly inconsistent exercise regimens in diverse patient populations. There is a clear need for systematic research to identify precise exercise prescriptions for different conditions of pathological hypertrophy. Therefore, this review synthesizes existing evidence for the distinct mechanisms by which AET benefits the heart in different pathological hypertrophy conditions, suggests strategic exercise prescriptions for these conditions, and highlights areas for future research.

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Exercise for people with high cardiovascular risk

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of exercise training on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Influence of carotid plaques

Effects of exercise training on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Influence of carotid plaques

National Lipid Association Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology 2016

Evidence for distinct effects of exercise in different cardiac hypertrophic disorders

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