Exercise for improving balance in older people

Howe, Tracey; Rochester, Lynn; Jackson, Alison; Banks, Pauline MH; Blair, Valerie

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004963.pub2

Cited by 156 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Furthermore, several risk factors for falls and fractures can be improved by exercise as well. This is consistent with findings in populations with increased risk of osteoporosis, such as postmenopausal women or elderly individuals [6,15,18,22,23]. Balance impairment is an important risk factor for falls in elderly individuals [57].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Balance impairment is an important risk factor for falls in elderly individuals [57]. Importantly, it is known that exercise interventions can improve balance in healthy individuals [23]. Additionally, a recent meta-analysis showed that exercise interventions should include balance exercises to reduce fall risk in older individuals [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because mobility impairments, such as reduced balance and muscle strength, are risk factors for falls and fractures, exercise interventions for fall prevention should at least focus on improving balance and muscle strength [20,21]. In healthy populations, it has been shown that both balance and muscle strength can be improved with exercise interventions [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exercise interventions to reduce fall-related fractures and their risk factors in individuals with low bone density: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise interventions to reduce fall-related fractures and their risk factors in individuals with low bone density: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2009

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“…However, a prospective cohort study has found that walking for at least 4 h/week was associated with a 41% lower risk of hip fracture compared with walking for less than 1 h/wk. It has been reported that those do walking regularly, will experience less risk of fracture by promotion of balance [26,27] and reducing risk for falling, over changes observed in BMD among postmenopausal women [27]. However, Maud et al designed the study of a long-distance runner older than 70 years who had training history more than 50 years.…”

Section: Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Types of Physical Training on Bone Mineral Density in Men and Women

Arazi¹,

Eghbali²

2017

J Osteopor Phys Act

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Now, Osteoporosis (OP) is considered one of health threatening diseases in men and women. Physical activity can act critical for bone development, bone health, and fracture risk reduction. It is an effective, low cost and sound way to inhibit the progression of OP if perform regularly and have a structured base. Progression of OP is often related to either little accumulation of peak bone mass before to obtain of skeletal maturity or to excessive rate of bone loss in aging process. Given the rapid aging of societies worldwide, and the fact that no cure exists for osteoporosis, without adequate preventive strategies, the burden of these fractures is likely to grow exponentially. The purpose of this review was to convey the effects of different types of physical training on bone mineral density (BMD) principally at the hip and spine in men and women. Keywords OsteoporosisOsteoporosis (OP) is a serious skeletal disorder induced by bone mass reduction and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue that consequently lead to more fragility in bone and also frequent fractures [1]. This chronic disease causes 1.5 million fractures annually, 700,000 of which occur at the spine [2]. Base on the studies, it has been reported that 50% of women, and 20% of men with the age of 50 and over, will have fractures related to OP in their life time [3]. Osteoporotic fractures commonly occur at the hip, spine and wrist and of these hip fractures have the highest short-term mortality, morbidity and associated socio-economic impact [4,5]. After the age of 40, BMD declines progressively, 0.5% per year or more, especially in women. This decline approaches their mortality rate to 20% following hip fractures. Moreover, the other 2 sites are susceptible with fracture including the spine and the wrist [6]. Fractures lead to more mortality, morbidity, chronic pain, reduction in the quality of life, long-term attention, social and health care costs [7].Typically, the diagnosis of OP is based on the BMD of the lumbar spine and hip measured by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). In a pre or post-menopausal woman a T-score ≤ 2.5 (at least 2.5 standard deviations below the average BMD of a young woman) defines osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization (WHO). A T-score between -1 and -2.5 signifies osteopenia [6,8,9]. DXA is defined as the "gold standard" because experts identified it as high technique with high validation biologically [10].Periods of growth are thought to be the best time to increase bone mineral content, bone area, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) through increased loading owing to high rates of bone modeling and remodeling [11]. Bone stability links to a lot of interconnected factors, including the size and mass of bone tissue, the structural network of bone and the internal properties of the bone material (porosity, matrix mineralization, collagen traits and micro-damage) [12].The skeletal performance is presented as two functions. First related with metabolism and second is related to b...

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“…Short-term improvement in the stability of body balance following various forms of physical exercise is a relatively robust outcome for older adults (Howe, Rochester, Jackson, Banks, & Blair, 2007). For example, water-based exercises have been shown to improve standing and leaning balance and superior shoulder flexibility at retest in community-dwelling older people (Lord et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dance Exercise for Older Adults: A Pilot Study Investigating Standing Balance Following a Single Lesson of Danzón

2011

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Despite evidence that long-term dance exercise results in improved functional balance in older adults, it remains unclear whether people must first achieve a minimum level of skill before they can benefit from the exercise in terms of body balance. In order to evaluate whether or not exercise during early learning of dance is beneficial, we asked dance-inexperienced older adults to perform in pairs a 30-min lesson of danzo´n. Motion capture and ground reaction force recordings were used to determine the variability of body sway during quiet, upright standing before and immediately after the lesson. Significant reductions in variability of sway normalized by body height were found following the dance exercise. Interestingly, the taller individual who was instructed to take the ''leader'' role showed greater gains. Our findings indicate that learning to dance danzo´n at a beginner's level may be beneficial for balance in the elderly, despite the increased cognitive load in the early stages of skill acquisition.

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Exercise for improving balance in older people

Cited by 156 publications

References 140 publications

Exercise interventions to reduce fall-related fractures and their risk factors in individuals with low bone density: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Exercise interventions to reduce fall-related fractures and their risk factors in individuals with low bone density: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Effects of Different Types of Physical Training on Bone Mineral Density in Men and Women

Dance Exercise for Older Adults: A Pilot Study Investigating Standing Balance Following a Single Lesson of Danzón

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