Exercise blood pressure response and skeletal muscle vasodilator capacity in normotensives with positive and negative family history of hypertension

The effect of short-term aerobic exercise on vascular function of young individuals with a family history of hypertension was investigated. Thirty young men with a family history of hypertension were randomly assigned to either an exercise (n ¼ 15) or control (n ¼ 15) group. Exercise subjects performed 30 min of supervised cycle training at 65% of their maximal oxygen uptake ( . VO 2max ), three times per week for 4 weeks. Control subjects were asked to maintain their normal levels of physical activity. Peak leg and forearm blood flow were assessed using plethysmography and was determined as the highest blood flow following 5 min of reactive hyperemia. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptor (CPBR) sensitivity was measured using lower body negative pressure (LBNP) for 5 min at À20 mm Hg. CPBR was determined by calculating change of stroke volume and forearm vascular resistance at baseline and during LBNP. Carotid baroreceptor (CBR) sensitivity was assessed using neck suction at À20, À40, À60 and À80 mm Hg pressures, and was determined from RR interval divided by systolic blood pressure. Augmentation index (AIx), a measure of arterial stiffness, was assessed using applanation tonometry and was calculated as the ratio of augmented pressure and pulse pressure. The major findings were that the exercise group showed increase in leg vasodilation, reduction in AIx and increase in .VO 2max compared with the control group (Po0.05). However, there was no significant change for CPBR and CBR. A short-term moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention in young men with a family history of hypertension significantly reduced arterial stiffness and increased aerobic fitness.

Section: Peak Lbf and Fbfmentioning

confidence: 44%

Section: Peak Lbf and Fbfmentioning

confidence: 85%

The effect of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise on vascular and baroreflex function of young men with a family history of hypertension

Goldberg

Boutcher

2011

“…[33][34][35] Although negative finds exist, 36,37 some investigators have shown a greater BP response to exercise among normotensive offsprings of hypertensive parents compared with normotensive with normotensive parents. [38][39][40] However, almost all of the previous investigations analyzing exercise BP response among offspring of hypertensive parents have studied men 36,38,39 or have displayed its results by combining the genders. 40 The only study we know that analysed BP response to exercise in young normotensive women offspring of hypertensive parents failed to show any difference in BP response to exercise between positive and negative family history of hypertensive groups.…”

Section: Pwvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemodynamic, metabolic and neuro-humoral abnormalities in young normotensive women at high familial risk for hypertension

Ciolac

Bocchi²,

Bortolotto³

et al. 2010

We analysed the haemodynamic, metabolic and hormonal status at rest and in response to exercise, in young normotensive women with two hypertensive parents (FH þ þ ; n ¼ 17; 25.1±4.8 years), one hypertensive parent (FH þ ; n ¼ 18; 24.9 ± 4.1 years) and normotensive parents (FHÀ; n ¼ 15; 25.3 ± 3.8 years). Casual and ambulatorial blood pressure (BP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and biochemistry were analysed. BP, nor-epinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels were also analysed during a graded exercise test (GXT). Casual and ambulatorial BP were not different between groups, but PWV was 7.5 and 12.6% higher in FH þ þ than FH þ and FHÀ, respectively, and 4.8% higher in FH þ than FHÀ (Pp0.01). Insulin and insulin-to-glucose ratio were increased in FH þ þ and FH þ (Po0.05), and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol tended to be higher only in FH þ þ (P ¼ 0.07). FH þ þ showed higher exercise and recovery diastolic BP and EPI levels, and increased resting, exercise and recovery NE, and ET-1 levels than FHÀ (Po0.05). FH þ showed only greater resting, exercise and recovery NE, and rest ET-1 (Po0.05). Resting, exercise and recovery NOx were lower in FH þ þ and FH þ than FHÀ (Po0.01). Haemodynamic, metabolic and hormonal abnormalities were presented in nonhypertensive young women offspring of hypertensive parents before any increase in BP. Greater abnormalities were observed in women with a strong family history of hypertension (FH þ þ ). These results suggest that there is an early vascular, metabolic and hormonal involvement in a familial hypertensive disorder.

“…15 Regular exercise is associated with a lower incidence of hypertension, 16 although paradoxically, exercise may be viewed as potent stressor to the cardiovascular system. In FH þ the exercise pressor response appears to be exaggerated, 17,18 which is an independent predictor of future hypertension risk. 19 However, relatively little attention has been given to the importance of haemodynamic adaptations following both acute and chronic exercise in FH þ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exercise on haemodynamic function in relation to the familial hypertension risk model

Hamer

2006

Offspring hypertensives are characterized by a hyperactive sympathetic nervous system and other early cardiovascular abnormalities that increase the risk of developing hypertension. A physically active lifestyle is associated with a lower risk of hypertension, although the mechanisms are incompletely understood and likely to be multifactorial. One aspect that has received little attention is the interaction of exercise with familial hypertension risk. The present review examines the effects of exercise on haemodynamic function in relation to the familial hypertension risk model. Paradoxically, exercise may be viewed as potent stressor to the cardiovascular system, although recent studies are beginning to show that cardiovascular adaptations, primarily mediated by changes in sympatho-vagal balance, following both acute and chronic exercise may be particularly important for individuals with familial risk of hypertension. Future studies that focus on inflammatory, metabolic, and genetic pathways may uncover further beneficial effects of exercise in relation to familial risk.