Exercise as Cardiovascular Therapy

Shephard, Roy J.; Balady, Gary J.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.7.963

Cited by 439 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Exercise can also positively influence classical risk factors that are associated with coronary heart disease such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemias, and endothelial dysfunction (6)(7)(8). The higher respiration rate during severe physical exercise leads to the generation of more free radicals than the endogenous antioxidant systems can scavenge (9), whereas moderate intensity aerobic exercise enhances endothelium dependent vasodilation in humans (10), and attenuates exercise-induced peroxidation (11) and cardiovascular mortality (12) in the elderly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term combined beneficial effects of physical training and metabolic treatment on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice

Napoli

Williams-Ignarro

Nigris

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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CorrectionsPHARMACOLOGY. For the article ''Beneficial effects of antioxidants and L-arginine on oxidation-sensitive gene expression and endothelial NO synthase activity at sites of disturbed shear stress,'' by Filomena de Nigris, Lilach O. Lerman, Sharon Williams Ignarro, Giacomo Sica, Amir Lerman, Wulf Palinski, Louis J. Ignarro, and Claudio Napoli, which appeared in issue 3, February 4, 2003, of Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (100, 1420-1425 first published January 13, 2003; 10.1073͞pnas.0237367100), the authors should have noted that Louis J. Ignarro developed and markets Niteworks, a dietary supplement of L-arginine, L-citrulline, vitamin E, and vitamin C. Dr. Ignarro is also a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Herbalife, the distributor of Niteworks. The pathogenic mechanisms by which physical exercise influences atherosclerotic lesion formation remain poorly understood. Because vigorous physical training increases oxidative stress, this study tested the hypothesis that graduated and moderate physical exercise together with metabolic intervention (L-arginine and antioxidants) may contribute to increased vascular protection. Exercise training in mice was induced by graduated swimming. In hypercholesterolemic male mice on an atherogenic high-cholesterol diet, graduated and moderate exercise lowered plasma cholesterol and decreased atherosclerotic lesions compared with sedentary control mice. Antioxidants (1.0% vitamin E added to the chow and 0.05% vitamin C added to the drinking water) and L-arginine (6% in drinking water) supplementation to exercising hypercholesterolemic mice further and synergistically reduced atherosclerosis compared with untreated exercised mice. Arterial oxidation-specific epitopes and systemic oxidative stress were reduced by metabolic intervention. Graduated chronic exercise elicited an increase in production of nitric oxide through increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and ameliorated scavenger activities. Thus, metabolic intervention with L-arginine and antioxidants together with graduated and moderate exercise training reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation.catalase ͉ nitric oxide synthase ͉ vitamin E ͉ oxidative stress ͉ low-density lipoprotein P hysical exercise is a deterrent of cardiovascular disease and atherogenesis in animal models (1-5). Exercise can also positively influence classical risk factors that are associated with coronary heart disease such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemias, and endothelial dysfunction (6-8). The higher respiration rate during severe physical exercise leads to the generation of more free radicals than the endogenous antioxidant systems can scavenge (9), whereas moderate intensity aerobic exercise enhances endothelium dependent vasodilation in humans (10), and attenuates exercise-induced peroxidation (11) and cardiovascular mortality (12) in the elderly. Moreover, there is an inverse association between intensity of physical activity and the risk of coronary heart disease events (13). A metaanalysis of 51 con...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term combined beneficial effects of physical training and metabolic treatment on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice

Napoli

Williams-Ignarro

Nigris

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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“…However, there is evidence to suggest that exercise reduces risk factors associated with CVD, such as obesity and elevated blood pressure, among others (7). Importantly, the protective effects of exercise are not always associated with risk reduction (21,61). This is exemplified in animal models, which are devoid of confounding risk factors for cardiovascular disease, where exercise has consistently been shown to improve coronary vascular reactivity, decrease myocardial stunning, and reduce arrhythmias in hearts subjected to I/R injury (26).…”

Section: Cardioprotective Effects Of Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The good news is that, for the most part, with the exception of age, gender, and genetics, the other major risk factors for developing CVD can be targeted with preventive measures. For instance, numerous studies have linked a reduction in the rate of initial coronary artery disease events in physically active individuals (61). Coupling this with the experimental and clinical evidence demonstrating the cardioprotective effects of regular activity (9) provides a strong body of evidence that exercise reduces the risk of CVD events (39).…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Exercise-Mediated Cardioprotection

Calvert

Lefer

2013

Physiology

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Exercise promotes cardioprotection in both humans and animals not only by reducing risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease but by reducing myocardial infarction and improving survival following ischemia. This article will define the role that nitric oxide and ␤-adrenergic receptors play in mediating the cardioprotective effects of exercise in the setting of ischemiareperfusion injury.

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“…Exercise has been identified as one of the most important behavioural strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention, and sedentary individuals (like RA sufferers) will benefit by just a slight increase in physical activity [16,17]. Previous studies in non-RA groups demonstrated that exercise will improve autonomic function (as measured by heart rate variability (HRV)) [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise on cardiac autonomic function in females with rheumatoid arthritis

et al. 2012

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on cardiac autonomic function as measured by short-term heart rate variability (HRV) in females suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Females with confirmed RA were randomly assigned to an exercise group (RAE) and a sedentary group (RAC). RAE was required to train under supervision two to three times per week, for 3 months. Three techniques (time domain, frequency domain and Poincaré plot analyses) were used to measure HRV at baseline and study completion. At baseline, RAC (n018) had a significantly higher variability compared to RAE (n019) for most HRV indicators. At study completion, the variables showing significant changes (p00.01 to 0.05) favoured RAE in all instances. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were performed to assess changes within groups from start to end. RAE showed significant improvement for most of the standing variables, including measurements of combined autonomic influence, e.g. SDRR (p00.002) and variables indicating only vagal influence, e.g. pNN50 (p00.014). RAC mostly deteriorated with emphasis on variables measuring vagal influence (RMSSD, pNN50, SD1 and HF (ms 2 )). Study results indicated that 12 weeks of exercise intervention had a positive effect on cardiac autonomic function as measured by short-term HRV, in females with RA. Several of the standing variables indicated improved vagal influence on the heart rate. Exercise can thus potentially be used as an instrument to improve cardiac health in a patient group known for increased cardiac morbidity.

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Exercise as Cardiovascular Therapy

Cited by 439 publications

References 90 publications

Long-term combined beneficial effects of physical training and metabolic treatment on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice

Long-term combined beneficial effects of physical training and metabolic treatment on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice

Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Exercise-Mediated Cardioprotection

Effect of exercise on cardiac autonomic function in females with rheumatoid arthritis

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