Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Changes in Tissue-specific Fat Distribution and Cardiac Function

Jonker, Jacqueline T.; Mol, Pieter de; Vries, Suzanna T. de; Widya, Ralph L.; Hammer, Sebastiaan; Schinkel, Linda D. van; Meer, R.W. van der; Gans, Rijk O. B.; Webb, Andrew; Kan, Hermien E.; Koning, Eelco J.P. de; Bilo, Henk J. G.; Lamb, Hildo J.

doi:10.1148/radiol.13121631

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In the study by Schrauwen-Hinderling et al (40), the 3-month combined endurance and strength training improved insulin sensitivity and the left ventricular ejection fraction but not MTC. Similarly, in the study by Jonker et al (21), no response was observed in MTC or epicardial fat after 6 months of endurance training in T2DM subjects, although hepatic TG content, visceral fat, and pericardial fat decreased. Overall, the data on the effects of exercise training on MTC are limited.…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

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Exercise Training Reduces Intrathoracic Fat Regardless of Defective Glucose Tolerance

Honkala

Motiani

Eskelinen

et al. 2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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PurposeEpicardial (EAT) and pericardial (PAT) fat masses and myocardial triglyceride content (MTC) are enlarged in obesity and insulin resistance. We studied whether the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) similarly decrease ectopic fat in and around the heart and whether the decrease is similar in healthy subjects and subjects with defective glucose tolerance (DGT).MethodsA total of 28 healthy men (body mass index = 20.7–30.0 kg·m−2, age = 40–55 yr) and 16 men with DGT (body mass index = 23.8–33.5 kg·m−2, age = 43–53 yr) were randomized into HIIT and MICT interventions for 2 wk. EAT and PAT were determined by computed tomography and MTC by 1H-MRS.ResultsAt baseline, DGT subjects had impaired aerobic capacity and insulin sensitivity and higher levels of whole body fat, visceral fat, PAT, and EAT (P < 0.05, all) compared with healthy subjects. In the whole group, HIIT increased aerobic capacity (HIIT = 6%, MICT = 0.3%; time × training P = 0.007) and tended to improve insulin sensitivity (HIIT = 24%, MICT = 8%) as well as reduce MTC (HIIT = −42%, MICT = +23%) (time × training P = 0.06, both) more efficiently compared with MICT, and without differences in the training response between the healthy and the DGT subjects. However, both training modes decreased EAT (−5%) and PAT (−6%) fat (time P < 0.05) and not differently between the healthy and the DGT subjects.ConclusionWhole body fat, visceral fat, PAT, and EAT masses are enlarged in DGT. Both HIIT and MICT effectively reduce EAT and PAT in healthy and DGT subjects, whereas HIIT seems to be superior as regards improving aerobic capacity, whole-body insulin sensitivity, and MTC.

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supporting

confidence: 56%

“…In previous long-term moderate-intensity training studies, epicardial fat has shown a decrease of 9% (23) and pericardial fat a decrease of 20% (21). As the present training intervention was shorter than used in the previous studies, we assumed that the training response would be at a level of 5% per unit (assuming the SD to be 10% per unit).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Exercise Training Reduces Intrathoracic Fat Regardless of Defective Glucose Tolerance

Honkala

Motiani

Eskelinen

et al. 2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…However, in type 2 diabetes patients and impaired glucose-tolerant subjects, the effects of exercise training on IMCL content are less consistent. Although some studies report augmented IMCL storage upon exercise training (Meex et al, 2010;Peters et al, 2012), others have reported no change (Jonker et al, 2013) or a reduction (Bruce et al, 2004;Solomon et al, 2008). Although these apparent differences may originate from different training protocols, they might also be a reflection of the limited exercise capacity of patients with type 2 diabetes (Stephens and Sparks, 2015).…”

Section: Long-term Exercise Training Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of diet and exercise on lipid droplet dynamics in human muscle tissue

Daemen

Polanen

Hesselink

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The majority of fat in the human body is stored as triacylglycerols in white adipose tissue. In the obese state, adipose tissue mass expands and excess lipids are stored in non-adipose tissues, such as skeletal muscle. Lipids are stored in skeletal muscle in the form of small lipid droplets. Although originally viewed as dull organelles that simply store lipids as a consequence of lipid overflow from adipose tissue, lipid droplets are now recognized as key components in the cell that exert a variety of relevant functions in multiple tissues (including muscle). Here, we review the effect of diet and exercise interventions on myocellular lipid droplets and their putative role in insulin sensitivity from a human perspective. We also provide an overview of lipid droplet biology and identify gaps for future research.

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“…Pericardial fat quantification As described before [12], to quantify the pericardial fat volume, the heart was imaged using electrocardiographicallygated breath-holds with a multi shot turbo spin echo sequence in a four-chamber view orientation. Water was suppressed using SPIR.…”

Section: Mr Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular flexibility in middle-aged overweight South Asians vs. white Caucasians: Response to short-term caloric restriction

Schinkel

Bakker

Jonker

et al. 2015

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Changes in Tissue-specific Fat Distribution and Cardiac Function

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

Exercise Training Reduces Intrathoracic Fat Regardless of Defective Glucose Tolerance

Exercise Training Reduces Intrathoracic Fat Regardless of Defective Glucose Tolerance

The effect of diet and exercise on lipid droplet dynamics in human muscle tissue

Cardiovascular flexibility in middle-aged overweight South Asians vs. white Caucasians: Response to short-term caloric restriction

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