The effect of diet and exercise on lipid droplet dynamics in human muscle tissue

Daemen, Sabine; Polanen, Nynke van; Hesselink, Matthijs K. C.

doi:10.1242/jeb.167015

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Lipids appeared throughout the disc, either as isolated spheres or as clusters, and the majority of droplets were smaller than ~1.5 μm in diameter. Lipids have also been observed in other collagen‐rich connective tissues, and various factors, such as age, degeneration, diet, and exercise, have been reported to influence lipid concentration . This study only evaluated lipid content in healthy discs, but it is possible that age and disease will affect the lipid concentration in the disc, based on observations in cartilage and tendon .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipids have also been observed in other collagen-rich connective tissues, and various factors, such as age, degeneration, diet, and exercise, have been reported to influence lipid concentration. [45][46][47][48] This study only evaluated lipid content in healthy discs, but it is possible that age and disease will affect the lipid concentration in the disc, based on observations in cartilage and tendon. 45,49 Additional work is needed to understand the role and concentration of lipids throughout the disc with aging, degeneration, and diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radial variation in biochemical composition of the bovine caudal intervertebral disc

et al. 2019

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Bovine caudal discs have been widely used in spine research due to their increased availability, large size, and mechanical and biochemical properties that are comparable to healthy human discs. However, despite their extensive use, the radial variations in bovine disc composition have not yet been rigorously quantified with high spatial resolution. Previous studies were limited to qualitative analyses or provided limited spatial resolution in biochemical properties. Thus, the main objective of this study was to provide quantitative measurements of biochemical composition with higher spatial resolution than previous studies that employed traditional biochemical techniques. Specifically, traditional biochemical analyses were used to measure water, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, collagen, and DNA contents. Gravimetric water content was compared to data obtained through Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, spatial distribution of lipids in the disc's collagen network was visualized and quantified, for the first time, using multi‐modal second harmonic generation (SHG) and Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman (CARS) microscopy. Some heterogeneity was observed in the nucleus pulposus, where the water content and water‐to‐protein ratio of the inner nucleus were greater than the outer nucleus. In contrast, the bovine annulus fibrosus exhibited a more heterogeneous distribution of biochemical properties. Comparable results between orthohydroxyproline assay and SHG imaging highlight the potential benefit of using SHG microscopy as a less destructive method for measuring collagen content, particularly when relative changes are of interest. CARS images showed that lipid deposits were distributed equally throughout the disc and appeared either as individual droplets or as clusters of small droplets. In conclusion, this study provided a more comprehensive assessment of spatial variations in biochemical composition of the bovine caudal disc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial variation in biochemical composition of the bovine caudal intervertebral disc

et al. 2019

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“…However, insulin-sensitive and endurance-trained athletes have also increased lipid content in the skeletal muscle, coexisting with an increased oxidative capacity and lipid metabolism [159,160]. In contrast with physically inactive subjects, where lipid supply usually exceeds oxidative capacity, physically active individuals are characterized by an enhanced lipid turnover and this affects critical parameters such as the levels of specific lipid species and their cellular location [161]. Multiple evidence, therefore, suggests that it is not the total amount of intramuscular lipids per se that induces detrimental effects on the insulin sensitivity, but rather the accumulation and location of lipid intermediates [155].…”

Section: Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction as Determinant of Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications

Longo

Zatterale

Naderi

et al. 2019

IJMS

1,030

697

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Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its prevalence is rising worldwide. White adipose tissue (WAT) has a crucial role in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue expands by a combination of an increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). The recruitment and differentiation of adipose precursor cells in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), rather than merely inflating the cells, would be protective from the obesity-associated metabolic complications. In metabolically unhealthy obesity, the storage capacity of SAT, the largest WAT depot, is limited, and further caloric overload leads to the fat accumulation in ectopic tissues (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, and heart) and in the visceral adipose depots, an event commonly defined as “lipotoxicity.” Excessive ectopic lipid accumulation leads to local inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Indeed, overnutrition triggers uncontrolled inflammatory responses in WAT, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, therefore fostering the progression of IR. This review summarizes the current knowledge on WAT dysfunction in obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities, such as IR. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue expansion in obesity is required for the development of future therapeutic approaches in obesity-associated metabolic complications.

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“…This seemingly paradoxical observation has long been suggested to originate from elevated insulin-desensitising bioactive lipids such as diacylglycerol and/or ceramides [7] in insulin-resistant muscle. However, unbiased lipidomic analysis of skeletal muscle biopsies does not consistently reveal a signature of higher levels of insulindesensitising bioactive lipids in the muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with lean sedentary or physically trained individuals (for review see [8]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-free CARS microscopy reveals similar triacylglycerol acyl chain length and saturation in myocellular lipid droplets of athletes and individuals with type 2 diabetes

et al. 2020

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Aims/hypothesis Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content associates with development of insulin resistance, albeit not in insulin-sensitive endurance-trained athletes (trained). Qualitative and spatial differences in muscle lipid composition may underlie this so-called athlete’s paradox. Here we studied triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of individual myocellular lipid droplets (LDs) in trained individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Trained ($$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\max } $$ V ̇ O 2 max 71.0 ± 1.6 ml O2 [kg lean body mass (LBM)]−1 min−1), normoglycaemic (fasting glucose 5.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l) individuals and untrained ($$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\max } $$ V ̇ O 2 max 36.8 ± 1.5 ml O2 [kg LBM]−1 min−1) individuals with type 2 diabetes (fasting glucose 7.4 ± 0.5 mmol/l), with similar IMCL content (3.5 ± 0.7% vs 2.5 ± 0.3%, p = 0.241), but at opposite ends of the insulin sensitivity spectrum (glucose infusion rate 93.8 ± 6.6 vs 25.7 ± 5.3 μmol [kg LBM]−1 min−1 for trained individuals and those with type 2 diabetes, respectively) were included from our database in the present study. We applied in situ label-free broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy to sections from skeletal muscle biopsies to measure TAG acyl chain length and saturation of myocellular LDs. This approach uniquely permits examination of individual LDs in their native environment, in a fibre-type-specific manner, taking into account LD size and subcellular location. Results Despite a significant difference in insulin sensitivity, we observed remarkably similar acyl chain length and saturation in trained and type 2 diabetic individuals (chain length: 18.12 ± 0.61 vs 18.36 ± 0.43 number of carbons; saturation: 0.37 ± 0.05 vs 0.38 ± 0.06 number of C=C bonds). Longer acyl chains or higher saturation (lower C=C number) could be detected in subpopulations of LDs, i.e. large LDs (chain length: 18.11 ± 0.48 vs 18.63 ± 0.57 carbon number) and subsarcolemmal LDs (saturation: 0.34 ± 0.02 vs 0.36 ± 0.04 C=C number), which are more abundant in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation In contrast to reports of profound differences in the lipid composition of lipids extracted from skeletal muscle from trained and type 2 diabetic individuals, our in situ, LD-specific approach detected only modest differences in TAG composition in LD subpopulations, which were dependent on LD size and subcellular location. If, and to what extent, these modest differences can impact insulin sensitivity remains to be elucidated.

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The effect of diet and exercise on lipid droplet dynamics in human muscle tissue

Cited by 27 publications

References 167 publications

Radial variation in biochemical composition of the bovine caudal intervertebral disc

Radial variation in biochemical composition of the bovine caudal intervertebral disc

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction as Determinant of Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications

Label-free CARS microscopy reveals similar triacylglycerol acyl chain length and saturation in myocellular lipid droplets of athletes and individuals with type 2 diabetes

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