Exercise and Hippocampal Memory Systems

Voss, Michelle W.; Soto, Carmen; Yoo, So Young; Sodoma, Matthew J; Vivar, Carmen; Praag, Henriette van

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.01.006

Cited by 164 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Our finding of a relationship between CRF and episodic learning rate aligns with previous findings of positive relationships between CRF and cognitive outcomes (Erickson et al, 2009;Hayes et al, 2013Hayes et al, , 2016Hayes et al, , 2017Szabo et al, 2011), and is supported by a large body of work in animals and humans that has shown beneficial effects of PA on the brain, specifically the hippocampus, and hippocampaldependent learning and pattern separation (Creer, Romberg, Saksida, van Praag, & Bussey, 2010;Hayes et al, 2015;Suwabe et al, 2017;van Praag, Shubert, Zhao, & Gage, 2005). Previous studies have also demonstrated a relationship between CRF and hippocampal volume (for review see Voss et al, 2019). Thus, it is surprising CRF was not related to hippocampal volume in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cardiorespiratory fitness and hippocampal volume predict faster episodic associative learning in older adults

et al. 2019

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Declining episodic memory is common among otherwise healthy older adults, in part due to negative effects of aging on hippocampal circuits. However, there is significant variability between individuals in severity of aging effects on the hippocampus and subsequent memory decline. Importantly, variability may be influenced by modifiable protective physiological factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). More research is needed to better understand which aspects of cognition that decline with aging benefit most from CRF. The current study evaluated the relation of CRF with learning rate on the episodic associative learning (EAL) task, a task designed specifically to target hippocampal‐dependent relational binding and to evaluate learning with repeated occurrences. Results show higher CRF was associated with faster learning rate. Larger hippocampal volume was also associated with faster learning rate, though hippocampal volume did not mediate the relationship between CRF and learning rate. Furthermore, to support the distinction between learning item relations and learning higher‐order sequences, which declines with aging but is largely reliant on extra‐hippocampal learning systems, we found learning rate on the EAL task was not related to motor sequence learning on the alternating serial reaction time task. Motor sequence learning was also not correlated with hippocampal volume. Thus, for the first time, we show that both higher CRF and larger hippocampal volume in healthy older adults are related to enhanced rate of relational memory acquisition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cardiorespiratory fitness and hippocampal volume predict faster episodic associative learning in older adults

et al. 2019

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“…First, it extends previous exercise intervention studies (e.g., Erickson et al, ; Jonasson et al, ; Kleemeyer et al, , among others) not only to cognitively healthy young adults, but also to the hippocampal subfield level, and second, in this study, we uniquely combined an assessment of behavioral pattern separation with volumetric measurement of hippocampal subfields, extending previous work on exercise effects on behavioral pattern separation in young adults (Déry et al, ) and, critically, providing the most direct comparison with prominent animal models of exercise‐induced hippocampal plasticity mechanisms to date. A 2019 review by Voss et al has highlighted a clear need for research on the effects of aerobic exercise and other exercise modalities on behavioral pattern separation in humans (Voss et al, ). The results presented here make an important step toward filling this critical knowledge gap.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving fitness increases dentate gyrus/CA3 volume in the hippocampal head and enhances memory in young adults

et al. 2019

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Converging evidence suggests a relationship between aerobic exercise and hippocampal neuroplasticity that interactively impacts hippocampally dependent memory.The majority of human studies have focused on the potential for exercise to reduce brain atrophy and attenuate cognitive decline in older adults, whereas animal studies often center on exercise-induced neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of young adult animals. In the present study, initially sedentary young adults (18-35 years) participated in a moderate-intensity randomized controlled exercise intervention trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02057354) for a duration of 12 weeks. The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as determined by estimated _ VO 2MAX , hippocampally dependent mnemonic discrimination, and change in hippocampal subfield volume.Results show that improving CRF after exercise training is associated with an increased volume in the left DG/CA3 subregion in young adults. Consistent with previous studies that found exercise-induced increases in anterior hippocampus in older adults, this result was specific to the hippocampal head, or most anterior portion, of the subregion. Our results also demonstrate a positive relationship between change in CRF and change in corrected accuracy for trials requiring the highest level of discrimination on a putative behavioral pattern separation task. This relationship was observed in individuals who were initially lower-fit, suggesting that individuals who show greater improvement in their CRF may receive greater cognitive benefit. This work extends animal models by providing evidence for exercise-induced neuroplasticity specific to the neurogenic zone of the human hippocampus.

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“…The strongest evidence for a relationship between CRF, hippocampal volume, and memory would come from a randomized controlled trial involving a structured exercise intervention known to increase CRF. Many such studies have shown evidence of a relationship between aerobic exercise and cognition (for review see A. F. Kramer & Colcombe, 2018;Voss et al, 2019), though none have utilized a task like the EAL task, which specifically targets aspects of hippocampal function that are critically important for accumulating episodic information over repeated occurrences. Nonetheless, our findings do align with previous evidence of exercise interventions resulting in increased brain structure, brain function, and cognition, as well as with other cross-sectional studies of CRF, hippocampal volume, and various aspects of memory (Erickson et al, 2009;Hayes et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts greater hippocampal volume and rate of episodic associative learning in older adults

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et al. 2019

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Declining episodic memory is common among otherwise healthy older adults, in part due to negative effects of aging on hippocampal circuits. However, there is significant variability between individuals in severity of aging effects on the hippocampus and subsequent memory decline. Importantly, variability may be influenced by modifiable protective physiological factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). More research is needed to better understand which aspects of cognition that decline with aging benefit most from CRF. The current study evaluated the relation of CRF with learning rate in the Episodic Associative Learning (EAL) task, a task designed specifically to target hippocampal-dependent relational binding and to evaluate learning with repeated occurrences. Results show that higher CRF was associated with larger hippocampal volume and faster learning rate. Larger hippocampal volume was also associated with faster learning rate, and hippocampal volume partially mediated the relationship between CRF and learning rate. Further, to support the distinction between learning item relations and learning higher-order sequences, which declines with aging but is largely reliant on extra-hippocampal learning systems, we found that EAL learning rate was not related to motor sequence learning on the alternating serial reaction time task. Motor sequence learning was also not correlated with hippocampal volume. Thus, for the first time we show that higher CRF in healthy older adults is related to enhanced rate of relational memory acquisition, in part mediated by benefits on the hippocampus.

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Exercise and Hippocampal Memory Systems

Cited by 164 publications

References 166 publications

Cardiorespiratory fitness and hippocampal volume predict faster episodic associative learning in older adults

Cardiorespiratory fitness and hippocampal volume predict faster episodic associative learning in older adults

Improving fitness increases dentate gyrus/CA3 volume in the hippocampal head and enhances memory in young adults

Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts greater hippocampal volume and rate of episodic associative learning in older adults

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