Executive Summary: Research Gaps at the Intersection of Pediatric Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Inflammation in Low-Resource Settings

Kutlesic, Vesna; Isaacs, Margaret Brewinski; Freund, Lisa S.; Hazra, Rohan; Raiten, Daniel J.

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2828c

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Recent evidence, including a special section in Pediatrics (Kutlesic, Brewinski Isaacs, Freund, Hazra, & Raiten, ), has drawn attention to gaps in the intersection of nutrition, inflammation, and neurodevelopment, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Chronic inflammation resulting from infectious and noninfectious causes during infancy may impact early neurological development (Krebs, Lozoff, & Georgieff, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms linking height to early child development among infants and preschoolers in rural India

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Hurley

et al. 2019

Developmental Science

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Stunting has been negatively associated with children's development. We examined the range of height by testing hypotheses: (a) height is positively associated with children's development, with associations moderated by inflammation and (b) home environments characterized by nurturance and early learning opportunities is positively associated with children's development over time and attenuate associations with height. Data included 513 infants (mean age 8.6 months) and 316 preschoolers (mean age 36.6 months) in rural India from a randomized controlled trial of multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs). Measures included height (height‐for‐age z‐scores based on WHO standards), inflammation (C‐reactive protein concentration >5 mg/L), nurturance (HOME Inventory), child development (Mullens Scales of Early Learning), and inhibitory control (preschoolers). Linear mixed effects models accounting for repeated measures, clustering, and confounders were used to assess associations between height and child development over time (infants: enrollment, 6 and 12 months; preschoolers: enrollment and 8 months). Moderating effects of inflammation and nurturance were tested with interaction terms. Among infants and preschoolers, height and nurturance were positively associated with all domains of child development over time, with the exception of inhibitory control. Among preschoolers, in the presence of inflammation, height was not associated with child development. Among infants, but not preschoolers, a nurturant home environment attenuated significant associations between height with fine motor and receptive language development. The mechanisms associated with children's development over time are multifactorial and include direct and indirect associations among nutrition, health, and the home environment, as supported by the Nurturing Care Framework.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms linking height to early child development among infants and preschoolers in rural India

Black

Yimgang

Hurley

et al. 2019

Developmental Science

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“…These experiences of maltreatment impact children’s well-being long past the actual instances of maltreatment. Adults’ physical [3, 4] and emotional health [5], future experiences of victimization [6], lifetime educational attainment [7], and socioeconomic stability [8] are all impacted by childhood experiences of abuse and neglect. Though most people who experience abuse or neglect as children do not go on to engage in serious delinquent behaviors [9], children who experienced maltreatment are more likely than those who did not to engage in delinquent behaviors through adolescence and into adulthood [10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupting the link between maltreatment and delinquency: how school, family, and community factors can be protective

et al. 2019

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Background Past experiences of childhood maltreatment are common for youth involved in the juvenile justice system. This paper explores potential protective factors at the peer, family, school, and neighborhood levels that disrupt the relationship between maltreatment and later non-violent and violent offending behavior and how these protective effects vary by a number of different sociodemographics. Methods We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a nationally representative longitudinal study of adolescents who were in grades 7–12 in the 1994–95 school year. Pulling data from Add Health respondents from ages 13 to 30, we used linear mixed effects modeling to create growth curves of predicted violent and non-violent offending frequency from adolescence into young adulthood, with maltreatment frequency as a predictor. Next, we tested whether potential protective factors including time with friends, a high-quality relationship with a parent figure, school connection, or neighborhood collective efficacy moderated the intercept or slope of the growth curves. Finally, we tested if sex, race/ethnicity, or sexual orientation moderated these protective effects. Results For violent offending, school connection, high-quality relationships with mother or father figures, and neighborhood collective efficacy were all generally protective, meaning they were associated with lower levels and shallower slopes of predicted violent offending, but they were not more or less protective for those who experienced maltreatment. For non-violent offending, the same was true of school connection, high-quality relationships with a mother figure, and neighborhood collective efficacy, which were all generally protective. We found no evidence of a protective effect for time spent with friends, though this is likely due to measurement constraints, as simply measuring time spent with friends may have heterogeneous effects on delinquent behaviors. We found no evidence that any of these protective effects varied by sociodemographics. Conclusions This paper identifies factors that teachers, juvenile corrections officers, policymakers and others can intervene on to prevent engagement (or re-engagement) in delinquency and offending among youth and young adults who experienced maltreatment. As they are also protective for youth who have not experienced maltreatment they also inform general delinquency prevention efforts.

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“…The accumulation of risk factors and protective factors, both before and during pregnancy, is important in predicting and understanding the determinants of breastfeeding. While public health researchers working within the social-epidemiological perspective have a good sense of the risk factors that lead to suboptimal breastfeeding, resilience and promotive processes in particular are recognized as an area in need of research [Kutlesic, Isaacs, Freund, Hazra, & Raiten, 2017].…”

Section: Pre-action Phase 1: the Accumulation And Interaction Of Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Maternal Ecology of Breastfeeding: A Life Course Developmental Perspective

Whipps

Yoshikawa²,

Godfrey³

2018

Human Development

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Background/Aims: For mothers in high-income country contexts, infant feeding represents one of the most fundamental and challenging aspects of the transition to parenthood. We present a specific theoretical model, based on life course theory principles, to explicate how the maternal ecology influences breastfeeding behaviors throughout the early parenting years. Methods: Core concepts and suppositions draw from a review of extant theories for the development of infant feeding behaviors, including intraindividual models of health behavior and bioecological models of human development. We highlight where the model has strong evidentiary support and where there are gaps in the literature. Results: This review shows how life course theory has been used to describe the consequences of infant feeding behaviors, but has yet to be fully applied to the causes of those behaviors. The natural extension of life course theory to include these constructs and relationships will extend the field of breastfeeding research. Breastfeeding intervention could also be strengthened with more recognition of the life course factors that represent understudied, and thus underutilized, levers for intervention. Conclusion: Given its focus on personal history in a larger historical and ecological context, life course theory is well suited to framing discussions around the causes and consequences of breastfeeding.

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Executive Summary: Research Gaps at the Intersection of Pediatric Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Inflammation in Low-Resource Settings

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Mechanisms linking height to early child development among infants and preschoolers in rural India

Mechanisms linking height to early child development among infants and preschoolers in rural India

Disrupting the link between maltreatment and delinquency: how school, family, and community factors can be protective

The Maternal Ecology of Breastfeeding: A Life Course Developmental Perspective

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