Executive Functions in Persons with Sleep Apnea

Lee, Michelle M.; Strauss, Milton E.; Adams, Nancy L.; Redline, Susan

doi:10.1007/s11325-999-0013-8

Cited by 40 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, our results did not indicate reduced verbal fluency in OSAS patients. Earlier results concerning verbal fluency are inconsistent; some studies report impaired verbal fluency [18, 20, 21], while others do not [16, 17, 19]. Our result of normal performance for planning abilities, assessed by the Stockings of Cambridge test, is in line with earlier findings [17, 18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In contrast, our finding of reduced mental set-shifting performance as measured by the Trails B has previously been reported only in a study by Bedard et al [13]; most earlier studies reported no change on this test [16,17,18,19, 21]. In this study, we controlled for possible attentional capacity deficit, e.g.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…The IED is used to assess similar executive function to the well-known Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [32]. Earlier studies have reported that OSAS patients have impaired mental set-shifting performance as assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, either in terms of the stages completed [16, 19] or in the number of perseverative errors [16,17,18]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few previous studies have assessed executive functions more comprehensively [16,17,18,19,20,21]. To clarify the nature of executive dysfunction in OSAS, it is necessary to evaluate different domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive Dysfunction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

et al. 2009

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Aims: To clarify whether patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have executive dysfunction, to identify the domains of executive function affected and to establish the severity of any dysfunction. Methods: A full-night polysomnography and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment focusing on executive functions were conducted on 40 newly diagnosed OSAS patients and 20 healthy controls. The severity of dysfunction was analyzed using norm-referenced data. Results: All patients and controls were men. The groups did not differ statistically significantly in terms of age, education or intelligence quotient. Patients showed poorer performance than controls on the copy of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test, the Block Design, the Trails B of the Trail Making Test and the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shifting test. Based on the normative data, most OSAS patients performed at a normal level, but a few patients had either mild dysfunction (2.5–12.5%) or moderate to severe dysfunction (5–15%). Conclusions: OSAS patients have lower set-shifting and analysis/synthesis performance than healthy controls. According to the normative data, most patients in the present study had normal performance, but there were also a few patients with more serious deficits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive Dysfunction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

et al. 2009

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“…Some studies have reported deficits in verbal (2,3,6,8) and visual (1, 3) episodic memory, whereas others have failed to replicate these findings (1,5,(10)(11)(12)(13). Semantic memory impairment has also been reported (1,8,12), but again the findings are not consistent on all tests (1,3,11,14). Reports of working memory impairment include maintenance and manipulation of information (2,5) but not dual task performance (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Is Associated with Deficits in Verbal but Not Visual Memory

Twigg

Papaioannou

Jackson

et al. 2010

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

100

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Rationale: Although cognitive deficits are well documented in patients with sleep apnea, the impact on memory remains unclear. Objectives: To test the hypotheses that (1) patients with obstructive sleep apnea have memory impairment and (2) memory impairment is commensurate with disease severity. Methods: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy volunteers (apnea-hypopnea index ,5 events/h) completed a test battery specially designed to differentiate between aspects of memory (semantic, episodic, and working) versus attention. Sleepiness was measured on the basis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Oxford Sleep Resistance test. Memory performance in patients versus control subjects was compared (Mann-Whitney U test; P , 0.01, Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons) and relationships between performance and disease severity were analyzed by linear regression. Measurements and Main Results: Sixty patients and healthy control subjects matched for age (mean 6 SD: patients, 51 6 9 yr; control subjects, 50 6 9 yr) and education (patients, 14 6 3 yr; control subjects, 15 6 3 yr) participated. ; control subjects, 27 [10-46]; P 5 0.0001). There were minimal differences in attention, visual episodic, semantic, or working memory; patients performed better than control subjects on Spatial Span forward and backward. Regression analysis revealed that Logical Memory Test performance was not significantly related to disease severity after controlling for age, education, and sleepiness. Conclusions: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with impairment in verbal, but not visual, memory. The impairment was present across a range of disease severity and was not explained by reduced attention. Such verbal memory impairment may affect daytime functioning and performance.

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