Executive functions in Asperger's syndrome: An empirical investigation of verbal and nonverbal skills

McCrimmon, Adam W.; Schwean, Vicki L.; Saklofske, Donald H.; Montgomery, Janine M.; Brady, Danielle I.

doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.003

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It is now recognized through numerous studies conducted in AS children (e.g. Nydén, Gillberg, Hjelmquist, & Heiman, 1999) and AS adults (Ambery et al, 2006;Kleinhans, Akshoomoff, & Delis, 2005;McCrimmon et al, 2012) that executive functions may be affected as part of this neurodevelopmental disorder. Our results suggest that these difficulties appear to be at the foreground of the cognitive profile of AS adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children with autism have problems with planning, cognitive flexibility or set-shifting and working memory (Bishop & Norbury, 2005;Ozonoff et al, 2004;Ozonoff & Jensen, 1999;Pennington et al, 1997;Verté, Geurts, Roeyers, Oosterlaan, & Sergeant, 2005). These impairments are also described in adults with AS (Ambery, Russell, Perry, Morris, & Murphy, 2006;Barbalat, Leboyer, & Zalla, 2014;Hill, 2004;McCrimmon, Schwean, Saklofske, Montgomery, & Brady, 2012). Some researchers consider the executive dysfunction as a primary deficit in autism (Ozonoff et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cognitive profile in adults with Asperger syndrome using WAIS-IV: Comparison to typical adults

Bucaille

Grandgeorge

Degrez

et al. 2016

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive profile in adults with Asperger syndrome using WAIS-IV: Comparison to typical adults

Bucaille

Grandgeorge

Degrez

et al. 2016

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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“…Given that this is a data mining technique, cluster analysis does not have hard sample size rules and does not need to satisfy parametric or even nonparametric statistical test assumptions [ 55 ]. Nonetheless, Hair et al [ 56 ] underscored that “the sample size must be large enough to provide sufficient representation of small groups within the population and represent the underlying structure.” For their part, Formann [ 57 , 58 ] as well as Dolnicar [ 59 ] contend that there is a consensus that the minimal sample size for cluster analysis is 2 k observations (k=number of variables) to achieve sufficient power and confidence in the statistical analysis. In the same vein, Lowry et al [ 55 ], including Dolnicar [ 59 ], indicate that from a conservative perspective, the minimal sample must be no less than 5×2 k .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption and Performance of Complementary Clinical Information Technologies: Analysis of a Survey of General Practitioners

Poba‐Nzaou¹,

Uwizeyemungu²,

Liu³

2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background The benefits from the combination of 4 clinical information systems (CISs)—electronic health records (EHRs), health information exchange (HIE), personal health records (PHRs), and telehealth—in primary care depend on the configuration of their functional capabilities available to clinicians. However, our empirical knowledge of these configurations and their associated performance implications is very limited because they have mostly been studied in isolation. Objective This study aims to pursue 3 objectives: (1) characterize general practitioners (GPs) by uncovering the typical profiles of combinations of 4 major CIS capabilities, (2) identify physician and practice characteristics that predict cluster membership, and (3) assess the variation in the levels of performance associated with each configuration. Methods We used data from a survey of GPs conducted throughout the European Union (N=5793). First, 4 factors, that is, EHRs, HIE, PHRs, and Telehealth, were created. Second, a cluster analysis helps uncover clusters of GPs based on the 4 factors. Third, we compared the clusters according to five performance outcomes using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tamhane T2 post hoc test. Fourth, univariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of the clusters. Finally, with a multivariate multinomial logistic regression, among the clusters, we compared performance in terms of the number of patients treated (3 levels) over the last 2 years. Results We unveiled 3 clusters of GPs with different levels of CIS capability profiles: strong (1956/5793, 37.36%), medium (2764/5793, 47.71%), and weak (524/5793, 9.04%). The logistic regression analysis indicates that physicians (younger, female, and less experienced) and practice (solo) characteristics are significantly associated with a weak profile. The ANOVAs revealed a strong cluster associated with significantly high practice performance outcomes in terms of the quality of care, efficiency, productivity, and improvement of working processes, and two noncomprehensive medium and weak profiles associated with medium (equifinal) practice performance outcomes. The logistic regression analysis also revealed that physicians in the weak profile are associated with a decrease in the number of patients treated over the last 2 years. Conclusions Different CIS capability profiles may lead to similar equifinal performance outcomes. This underlines the importance of looking beyond the adoption of 1 CIS capability versus a cluster of capabilities when studying CISs. GPs in the strong cluster exhibit a comprehensive CIS capability profile and outperform the other two clusters with noncomprehensive profiles, leading to significantly high performance in terms of the quality of care provided to patients, efficiency of the practice, productivity of the practice, and improvement of working processes. Our findings indicate that medical practices should develop high capabilities in all 4 CISs if they have to maximize their performance outcomes because efforts to develop high capabilities selectively may only be in vain.

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“…McCrimmon et al (2012), in an attempt to identify specific aspects of executive functions affected in individuals with AS, found that participants have difficulties with verbally-based tasks, but even more so with visually-based tasks. Although their findings show that teenagers with AS were as capable as controls in proverb comprehension, they recognize that this may have been due to the adoption of an ineffective method rather than to the subjects' abilities.…”

Section: On Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metaphor-related figurative language comprehension in clinical populations: a critical review

2016

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This paper aims to critically review current studies with respect to definitions, methods, and results on the comprehension of metaphor, metonymy, idioms, and proverbs under the following clinical conditions: aphasia, Alzheimer’s disease, autism, brain injuries, specific language impairment, and Williams Syndrome. A comprehensive search of experimental psycholinguistic research was conducted using EBSCOhost, PsychInfo, PUBMED, and Web of Science databases. Thirty-eight studies met the review inclusion criteria. Results point to deficits in figurative language comprehension in all conditions considered, lack of clear definitions of the phenomena investigated, and varied methods throughout the sample. Patients’ difficulties are attributed to multiple factors, such as a lack of Theory of Mind, executive dysfunctions, and poor semantic knowledge. The study of nonliteral aspects of language comprehension in clinical populations reveals a range of disparate impairments. There was no specific feature about metaphor-related phenomena identified that could, on its own, account for the difficulty some populations have to understand figurative language. Rather, metaphor-related language comprehension difficulties are often part of pragmatic, linguistic, and/or cognitive impairments.Keywords: Figurative language. Metaphor. Metonymy. Proverb. Clinical populations

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Executive functions in Asperger's syndrome: An empirical investigation of verbal and nonverbal skills

Cited by 25 publications

References 61 publications

Cognitive profile in adults with Asperger syndrome using WAIS-IV: Comparison to typical adults

Cognitive profile in adults with Asperger syndrome using WAIS-IV: Comparison to typical adults

Adoption and Performance of Complementary Clinical Information Technologies: Analysis of a Survey of General Practitioners

Metaphor-related figurative language comprehension in clinical populations: a critical review

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