Executive functions in alcohol-dependence: A theoretically grounded and integrative exploration

Brion, Mélanie; D’Hondt, Fabien; Pitel, Anne‐Lise; Lecomte, Benoît; Ferauge, Marc; Timary, Philippe de; Maurage, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.018

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However, this lack of effect could be due to our experimental procedure. As such, following the recommendations of Miyake and according to previous studies [21,35,38], the stopsignal delay was fixed; it corresponded to the mean RT in the first block minus 225 ms. The fact that it was not constantly adjusted (as often the case) might have allowed participants lacking inhibition abilities to adopt a strategy whereby they maintained a high success rate by postponing response preparation.…”

Section: Behavioral Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient inhibition in alcohol-dependence: let’s consider the role of the motor system!

Quoilin

Wilhelm

Maurage

et al. 2018

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Impaired inhibitory control contributes to the development, maintenance, and relapse of alcohol-dependence, but the neural correlates of this deficit are still unclear. Because inhibitory control has been labeled as an executive function, most studies have focused on prefrontal areas, overlooking the contribution of more "primary" structures, such as the motor system. Yet, appropriate neural inhibition of the motor output pathway has emerged as a central aspect of healthy behavior. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this motor inhibition is altered in alcohol-dependence. Neural inhibitory measures of motor activity were obtained in 20 detoxified alcohol-dependent (AD) patients and 20 matched healthy subjects, using a standard transcranial magnetic stimulation procedure whereby motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) are elicited in a choice reaction time task. Moreover, behavioral inhibition and trait impulsivity were evaluated in all participants. Finally, the relapse status of patients was assessed 1 year after the experiment. As expected, AD patients displayed poorer behavioral inhibition and higher trait impulsivity than controls. More importantly, the MEP data revealed a considerable shortage of neural motor inhibition in AD patients. Interestingly, this neural defect was strongest in the patients who ended up relapsing during the year following the experiment. Our data suggest a strong motor component in the neural correlates of altered inhibitory control in AD patients. They also highlight an intriguing relationship with relapse and the perspective of a new biomarker to follow strategies aiming at reducing relapse in AD patients.

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Section: Behavioral Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient inhibition in alcohol-dependence: let’s consider the role of the motor system!

Quoilin

Wilhelm

Maurage

et al. 2018

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…For instance, several studies have revealed grey and white matter atrophy in ADIs in structures that are responsible for cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, problem solving, decision making, response inhibition, etc. with the underlined cognitive functions impaired ( Brion et al, 2017 , Sullivan and Harris, 2010 , Xiao et al, 2015 , Zahr and Pfefferbaum, 2017 ). Consequently, ADIs typically display a reduced ability to successfully regulate thoughts and behaviours, resulting in a tendency to make risky or thoughtless decisions through favouring immediate rewards without consideration for the delayed – potentially deleterious – consequences ( Camchong et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The similarities between the structural and functional alterations observed in ADIs and BDs ( Brion et al, 2017 , Stavro et al, 2013 , Xiao et al, 2015 ) has led researchers to suggest that binge-drinking and alcohol use disorder represent two different stages of the same phenomenon rather than independent conditions ( Bo et al, 2015 , Maurage et al, 2013 , Petit et al, 2014 , Wagner, 2002 ). Based on this idea, called the continuum hypothesis, binge-drinking could be a first step towards alcohol use disorder and excessive drinking could lead individuals down the slippery slope of compulsive intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A TMS study of preparatory suppression in binge drinkers

Grandjean

Duqué

2020

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Highlights Normally, action preparation involves a global suppression of motor activity. Such preparatory suppression is deficient in alcohol-dependent patients. Binge drinking may represent a first step toward alcohol-use disorder. Here, we tested whether binge drinkers also display altered preparatory suppression. Our results indicate abnormally high motor preparatory activity in binge drinkers.

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“…[25][26][27][28] Impairment of executive functions is frequently associated with AUD and this weakness could lead to impulsive decision-making experiences, such as preferring immediate reward without taking into account subsequent downsides of improper alcohol intake. 23,[29][30][31][32] Long-term abstinence is associated with recovery in executive functions, but evidence shows that such deficits can endure in older people. [33][34][35] Divided attention seems to be impaired, in contrast to sustained and selective attention; concerning speed of processing, studies show inconsistent results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Cognitive Impairments in Early-Detoxified Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients and Their Associations with Socio-Demographic, Clinical and Psychological Factors: An Exploratory Study</p>

Caneva¹,

Ottonello²,

Torselli³

et al. 2020

NDT

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Cognitive impairment is common among patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, neuropsychological assessment is not usually included as routine practice in alcohol rehabilitation programs. The aim of this study was to describe qualitatively the cognitive deficits in early-detoxified AUD patients undergoing rehabilitation and to explore relevant associations with socio-demographic, clinical and psychological factors. Patients and Methods: Forty-one patients with a diagnosis of AUD were consecutively recruited from a residential rehabilitation hospital in Northern Italy. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Brief Neuropsychological Examination 2 (ENB-2). Anxiety, depression and severity of alcohol dependence were also evaluated using validated self-report questionnaires. Alcohol relapse was investigated 1 month after discharge. Results: Overall, 31.7% of AUD patients showed cognitive impairments according to the global score scale. However, 70.7% had an impaired performance on at least one test of the ENB-2, with particular regard to executive function, visuospatial and memory domains. Age, education and abstinence at admission were the most relevant factors associated with cognitive deficits in this clinical population. Conclusion: The detection of cognitive impairments is essential in order to adapt alcohol rehabilitation treatment to patients with cognitive deficits and enhance clinical outcomes.

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Executive functions in alcohol-dependence: A theoretically grounded and integrative exploration

Cited by 40 publications

References 62 publications

Deficient inhibition in alcohol-dependence: let’s consider the role of the motor system!

Deficient inhibition in alcohol-dependence: let’s consider the role of the motor system!

A TMS study of preparatory suppression in binge drinkers

<p>Cognitive Impairments in Early-Detoxified Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients and Their Associations with Socio-Demographic, Clinical and Psychological Factors: An Exploratory Study</p>

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