Executive function moderates the relationship between temperament and psychological difficulties in middle childhood

Wilson, J.; Hogan, Christy; Wang, Si; Andrews, Glenda; Shum, David

doi:10.1080/09297049.2021.2023121

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…- Externalising behaviour – Money Maker Task Reward sensitivity (n.s.) Wilson et al 2022 [ 46 ] CGT Risk adjustment Conduct problems Childhood/ Adolescence (age 5–12) Covariate: age - CGT Risk adjustment – Parent-reported conduct problems (n.s.) CGT Cambridge Gambling Task, PGT Preschool Gambling Task, IGT Iowa Gambling Task, BART Balloon Analogue Risk Task, BART-Y Balloon Analogue Risk Task-Youth, n.s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect sizes of the associations in these studies were weak to moderate, e.g., fixed effect estimate –0.391 (SE 0.145) and rho –0.09 ( p < 0.05) for the associations with quality of decision-making. However, there was also a number of cross-sectional studies that failed to find evidence of an association with conduct problems altogether, including two studies using the Children’s Gambling Task [ 42 , 43 ], one using the BART-Y [ 44 ], and two studies using the CGT to measure risk adjustment [ 45 , 46 ]. Similar results were found for hyperactivity/inattention, with one longitudinal study showing that risk-taking predicts more hyperactivity/inattention, but also that better quality of decision-making predicts a decrease in hyperactivity/inattention [ 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies included age only as a covariate, but only one of these found a significant association: experiencing peer-relationship problems was associated with poor decision-making strategies (correlation reported above) [ 34 ]. Instead, for the two studies investigating externalising symptoms, there was no evidence of an association between general externalising problems and reward/punishment sensitivity [ 35 ], or between risk adjustment and parent-reported conduct problems [ 46 ]. One study [ 45 ] controlled for intellectual ability only and found one significant negative association between risk adjustment and emotional problems (β −0.264, t −3.053, p < 0.05, R^2 0.10).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between mental health and risky decision-making in children and adolescents: a scoping review

Bentivegna,

Papachristou,

Flouri

2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Evidence from studies on adult participants and clinical samples of children suggest an association between risky decision-making and mental health problems. However, the extent and nature of this association in the general youth population remains unknown. Therefore, this scoping review explores the current evidence on the relationship between mental health (internalising and externalising symptoms) and risky decision-making in the general youth population. Methods A three-step search strategy was followed and applied to four databases. Selection criteria included participants < 18 years representative of the general population, and information on both risky decision-making (assessed using gambling tasks) and internalising /externalising symptoms. Data were extracted and synthesised for study and participant characteristics, aspects and measures for the main variables, and key findings. Results Following screening, twenty-one studies were retrieved. Non-significant associations were more frequent than significant associations for both internalising and externalising symptoms, particularly for social difficulties and broad externalising symptoms. Among the significant associations, hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems appeared to be positively associated with risk-taking and negatively associated with quality of decision-making. However, patterns were less clear for links between risky decision-making and internalising symptoms, especially between risk-taking and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions The present review suggests predominantly a lack of relationship between risky decision-making and mental health problems, and outlines several possible reasons for it. However, when specificity is considered carefully there seems to be a link between risk-taking and specific externalising problems. Future research should employ study designs aimed at disentangling the direction of this relationship and identifying specific aspects of mental health and risky decision-making that could be eventually addressed by tailored interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The relationship between mental health and risky decision-making in children and adolescents: a scoping review

Bentivegna,

Papachristou,

Flouri

2024

BMC Psychiatry

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“…There are many factors that affect EF in preschool children, and the majority of prior studies have concentrated on the relationship between child-level factors and EFs, such as children's negative emotions [11], temperament [12], trauma exposure and trauma-related symptoms [13], and experiences of abuse [14]. In recent years, some scholars have started to focus on the harmful effects of maternal adverse childhood experiences from the perspective of intergenerational effects, such as how these experiences affect the EF development of their offspring [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal adverse childhood experiences on preschoolers' executive function: the chain mediating effect of parenting stress and child maltreatment

Zha,

Li,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Previous researches found that maternal ACEs not only affect the psychological behavior of preschool children, but also have direct or indirect negative effects on the executive functions (EFs) and cognition of offspring. And, the possible social psychological mechanism between maternal ACEs and preschool children's EFs is still not clear. Objectives：This study mainly tries to understand the association between parenting stress and child maltreatment in maternal ACEs and children's EFs through longitudinal cohorts. Participants and Setting: Participants were 2160 preschool children and their mothers who finally completed baseline and 3 waves of follow-up. Methods: Using a cohort study, a baseline survey of junior kindergartens was carried out in June 2021 and followed up every six months, with a total of 3 follow-ups. Results: We found that EFs in preschoolers were significantly positively correlated with maternal ACEs, parenting stress, physical assault, psychological aggression, neglect and nonviolent discipline (r = 0.180, 0.386, 0.274, 0.302, 0.189, 0.148, respectively, P<0.01). Further, parenting stress and child maltreatment showed a chain mediating effect between maternal ACEs and EFs in preschoolers, and the total indirect effects accounted for 70.56%, 78.69%, 65.38%, and 68.07% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusions: This study found that maternal ACEs have a significant impact on the EFs of preschool children, and parenting stress and child maltreatment are the mediating factors of their association, revealing the potential mechanism between the two associations from the perspective of social psychology.

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“…Executive Functions (EF), defined as a set of high-order cognitive skills including working memory/updating, inhibition, and shifting/flexibility (Miyake et al, 2000), support important mechanisms in individuals' self-regulatory goal pursuits (Hofmann et al, 2012), such as to allow children to pay attention (Diamond, 2013), achieve goals (Cortés Pascual et al, 2019), solve problems (Garon et al, 2008) and manage relationships (Wilson et al, 2022). Not surprisingly, EF have been found to be a relevant predictor for academic performance across the lifespan (Ahmed et al, 2018;Alloway & Alloway, 2010;Blair, 2016;Clark et al, 2010;Miller & Hinshaw, 2010), children's mental health and well-being (Brown & Landgraf, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact with nature and executive functions: A pilot study with Spanish preschoolers

Sánchez-Pérez,

Gracia-Esteban,

Santamaría-Gutiez

et al. 2023

J Child Edu Soc

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In the last decades, studies have suggested that contact with nature might impact positively on children’s Executive Functions (EF), although results are not consistent across studies. The present research aimed to explore a set of contextual factors (family socioeconomic status, residential area, and contact with nature) and their relations with preschoolers’ EF. Specifically, the research proposed to examine whether there were differences in preschoolers’ EF between rural/urban environments, to analyze the relation between exposure to natural surroundings and EF, and the potential interaction between contact with nature and family socioeconomic status in explaining children’s EF. A total of 56 preschoolers (30 boys, 26 girls) aged 4-6 years (M = 4.86, SD = .82) participated in the study. Families reported children’s contact with nature and EF through validated questionnaires. Results suggested that rural/urban environments were not related to children’s EF, but preschoolers who had more contact with nature exhibited higher Working memory skills. Moreover, mothers’ lower education was related to more difficulties in preschoolers’ Working memory when they have less contact with nature, but spending more time in natural surroundings seems to buffer that negative relation between lower maternal education and children’s EF. These preliminary findings highlight the relevance of the exposure and contact with nature for early childhood years.

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Executive function moderates the relationship between temperament and psychological difficulties in middle childhood

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

The relationship between mental health and risky decision-making in children and adolescents: a scoping review

The relationship between mental health and risky decision-making in children and adolescents: a scoping review

Maternal adverse childhood experiences on preschoolers' executive function: the chain mediating effect of parenting stress and child maltreatment

Contact with nature and executive functions: A pilot study with Spanish preschoolers

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