Excitatory conditioning to the interoceptive nicotine stimulus blocks subsequent conditioning to an exteroceptive light stimulus

Murray, Jennifer E.; Bevins, Rick A.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.020

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Nicotine has been shown to serve as a discriminative stimulus (Palmatier & Bevins 2008). Furthermore, Bevins and colleagues have demonstrated a role for nicotine as a CS+ or CS- itself (Murray & Bevins 2007; Murray et al 2011), and that the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine can even overshadow a light stimulus in gaining control of conditioned responding for sucrose (Murray & Bevins 2011). Clearly, nicotine has a powerful ability to serve as an informative cue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine increases sucrose self‐administration and seeking in rats

et al. 2012

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Associations between nicotine in cigarettes and food consumption may alter the incentive value of food such that food cue-reactivity is exaggerated during abstinence from smoking. This effect may contribute to the weight gain associated with cessation of smoking. We examined the effects of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg base SC) paired (NPD) or unpaired (NUP) with 10 % sucrose self-administration (0.2 ml/delivery, 1h/day for 10 days) on self-administration response rate and intake as well as sucrose cue-reactivity following either 1 or 30 days of forced abstinence. Rats were administered the training dose of nicotine prior to a second, consecutive cue-reactivity session. NPD rats responded at over 3 times the rate for sucrose, and earned nearly twice the number of sucrose deliveries, as NUP rats or saline controls. Sucrose cue-reactivity was greater after 30 days, vs. 1 day of forced abstinence for all groups. History of nicotine exposure had no effect on sucrose cue-reactivity. However, the subsequent injection of nicotine increased sucrose cue-reactivity only in the NPD groups. There were no abstinent-dependent effects of nicotine challenge on sucrose cue-reactivity. A study conducted in parallel with water as the reinforcer revealed a less dramatic effect of nicotine on intake. There was no history or abstinence-dependent effects of nicotine on water cue-reactivity. Nicotine increases the reinforcing effects of sucrose and sucrose-paired cues when nicotine is present. An implication of these findings is that relapse to nicotine (cigarettes) could substantially elevate food cue-reactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine increases sucrose self‐administration and seeking in rats

et al. 2012

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“…The list of internal stimuli is extensive and includes thoughts, anxiety, pain, hunger, satiety, stress, intoxication, and so forth Learning that modifies behavioral and physiological processes controlled by internal stimuli has been implicated in such health issues as cancer treatment, cardiovascular disease, obesity, mental health disorders, and drug addiction (Ceunen, Vlaeyen, & Van Diest, 2016; Davidson, 1993; Fadel & Burk, 2010; Koroboki et al, 2010; Meagher, 2010; Murray & Bevins, 2011; Oldershaw et al, 2011; Paulus & Stein, 2010; Wylie & Tregellas, 2010). Of particular relevance here is the research on how learning processes modify the behavior controlled by drug stimuli (Bevins & Besheer, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Conditioned enhancement of the nicotine reinforcer.

Charntikov¹,

Pittenger²,

Swalve³

et al. 2021

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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This study was designed to assess whether nicotine can acquire additional reinforcing properties through associations with other rewards. To this end, rats self-administered nicotine-alone (0.01 mg/kg) or nicotine paired with access to sucrose during the conditioning phase. In the subsequent challenge phase, we tested the effect of nicotine-sucrose pairings on the reinforcing effects of nicotine using a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Using this approach, we show that (a) rats in both paired and nicotine-alone conditions self-administered similar amounts of nicotine in the initial conditioning phase of the study when intake was limited to 10 infusions per session, (b) nicotine rapidly acquired control over goal-tracking behavior in the paired condition, (c) rats that had a history of nicotine and sucrose pairings worked harder and took more nicotine as measured on a progressive ratio using a distinct response form, and (d) conditioned goal-tracking evoked by nicotine did not show extinction when sucrose was no longer paired with nicotine over the 11 days of nicotine self-administration on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Overall, our results demonstrate that in addition to the multifaceted nature of nicotine stimulus that includes primary reinforcing effects, conditioned reinforcing effects, and reward enhancing effects, nicotine can also acquire additional reinforcing properties through associations with other rewards. This ability to acquire additional reinforcing properties through associative learning may contribute to the development and perpetuation of tobacco use disorder.

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“…Goal-tracking refers to approach behavior to a location where the reinforcer has occurred in the past (Boakes, 1977; Farwell and Ayres, 1979). Previous research has shown that this acquired appetitive behavior controlled by the nicotine stimulus does not reflect state-dependent learning (Bevins et al, 2007; Murray and Bevins, 2011), cannot be attributed to a non-associative or stimulant effect of nicotine (Besheer et al, 2004; Murray et al, 2009; Reichel et al, 2007; Wilkinson et al, 2006), and follows many postulates of Pavlovian conditioning (Bevins and Murray, 2011; Murray et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This drug stimulus can acquire control over behavior (Murray and Bevins, 2011). In the laboratory, human participants will learn to discriminate nicotine from saline and place poker chips in a particular pile when under the influence of nicotine (Perkins et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoceptive conditioning with nicotine using extinction and re-extinction to assess stimulus similarity with bupropion

2014

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Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant that increases long-term quit rates of tobacco smokers. A better understanding of the relation between nicotine and this first-line medication may provide insight into improving treatment. For all experiments, rats first had nicotine (0.4 mg base/kg) and saline session intermixed; intermittent access to sucrose only occurred on nicotine session. Nicotine in this protocol comes to differentially control “anticipatory” dipper entries. To more closely examine the overlap in the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine and bupropion, we assessed whether subsequent prolonged and repeated non-reinforced (extinction) sessions with the bupropion stimulus could weaken responding to nicotine (i.e., transfer of extinction). We also examined whether retraining the discrimination after initial extinction and then conducting extinction again (i.e., re-extinction) with bupropion would affect responding. We found that bupropion (20 and 30 mg/kg) fully substituted for the nicotine stimulus in repeated 20-min extinction sessions. The extent of substitution in extinction did not necessarily predict performance in the transfer test (e.g., nicotine responding unchanged after extinction with 20 mg/kg bupropion). Generalization of extinction back to nicotine was not seen with 20 mg/kg bupropion even after increasing the number of extinction session from 6 to 24. Finally, there was evidence that learning in the initial extinction phase was retained in the re-extinction phase for nicotine and bupropion. These findings indicate that learning involving the nicotine stimuli are complex and that assessment approach for stimulus similarity changes conclusions regarding substitution by bupropion. Further research will be needed to identify whether such differences may be related to different facets of nicotine dependence and/or its treatment.

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Excitatory conditioning to the interoceptive nicotine stimulus blocks subsequent conditioning to an exteroceptive light stimulus

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Nicotine increases sucrose self‐administration and seeking in rats

Nicotine increases sucrose self‐administration and seeking in rats

Conditioned enhancement of the nicotine reinforcer.

Interoceptive conditioning with nicotine using extinction and re-extinction to assess stimulus similarity with bupropion

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