Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes with Double-Layer Gratings of Graphene

Abstract

A long-range surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide, composed of double-layer graphene, can be pivotal in transferring and handling mid-infrared electromagnetic waves. However, one of the key challenges for this type of waveguide is how to excite the SPP modes through an incident light beam. In this study, our proposed design of a novel grating, consisting of a graphene-based cylindrical long-range SPP waveguide array, successfully addresses this issue using finite-difference time-domain simulations. The results show that two types of symmetric coupling modes (SCMs) are excited through a normal incident light. The transmission characteristics of the two SCMs can be manipulated by changing the interaction of the double-layer gratings of graphene as well as by varying various parameters of the device. Similarly, four SCMs can be excited and controlled by an oblique incident light because this light source is equivalent to two orthogonal beams of light. Furthermore, this grating can be utilized in the fabrication of mid-infrared optical devices, such as filters and refractive index sensors. This grating, with double-layer graphene arrays, has the potential to excite and manipulate the mid-infrared electromagnetic waves in future photonic integrated circuits.

Active control of polarization-dependent terahertz surface plasmonic wave excitation using coupled graphene-metal hybrid metasurfaces

“…Graphene, a two-dimensional material composed of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice structure through sp 2 hybridization, has emerged as a versatile candidate for integration with metasurfaces [24,25]. A plethora of research related to graphene's interaction with SPWs has been published, covering areas such as graphene dispersion theory [26], grating excitation [27], decoders [28], sensors [29], and tunable multiband absorption [30]. One of graphene's distinctive advantages is its voltage-controllable conductivity, making it a crucial material for active SPWs control [31].…”

Optical and Mechanical Properties of Layered Infrared Interference Filters

“…The study [ 8 ] proposed a rating design consisting of a cylindrical matrix of high-performance waveguides based on graphene, which can be used for the manufacture of optical devices in the mid-infrared range (filters and refractive index sensors), and is also promising for future photonic integrated circuits. The paper [ 9 ] describes measures aimed at improving the performance of a non-dispersive infrared methane gas sensor by using multilayer thin-film bandpass filters containing germanium (Ge) and niobium pentoxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) and based on alternating layers with a high and low refractive index, respectively.…”

Application of Graphene-Based Materials

“…They demonstrated that, generally, increasing the aspect ratio of the nanofillers causes a reduction in the critical concentration for electrical conduction (percolation threshold) of the geocomposite, enhancing its efficiency as piezoresistive sensor and widening its applicability to field-applicable, self-sensing components. In a much more specific way, but with a similar objective of using the unique characteristics of graphene to develop sensors, Liu and co-workers [7] developed and characterized a waveguide comprising double-layer graphene, intended to excite and manipulate mid-infrared electromagnetic waves, showing their to be used in refractive index sensors and in future photonic integrated circuits.…”