Exchange and pathways of deep and shallow groundwater in different climate and permafrost conditions using the Forsmark site, Sweden, as an example catchment

Bosson, Emma; Selroos, Jan-Olof; Stigsson, Martin; Gustafsson, Lars-Göran; Destouni, Georgia

doi:10.1007/s10040-012-0906-7

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Okkonen and Kløve [] employed coupled numerical modeling to demonstrate that frozen ground causes both decreases in the total volume and delays in the timing of groundwater recharge. While these studies and others [e.g., Bosson et al ., ; Sjöberg et al ., ; McKenzie and Voss , ; Kurylyk et al ., ] have shown that both permafrost and SFG exert a first‐order control on groundwater flow, there has not been direct quantification of how groundwater discharge in degrading permafrost differs from that in SFG under a warming climate.…”

Section: Modeling Groundwater Flow In Frozen Groundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting hydrogeologic responses to warming in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground hillslopes

Evans

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Seasonally frozen ground (SFG) and permafrost underlay approximately half of the land surface in the Northern Hemisphere. It is anticipated that climate warming will degrade both types of frozen ground, altering groundwater discharge to streams. While the effects of permafrost degradation on groundwater discharge have been analyzed, quantification of how groundwater discharge in degrading permafrost differs from that in SFG is lacking. This study simulates coupled groundwater and heat transport under freeze‐thaw conditions for four representative hillslopes underlain by either continuous permafrost or SFG and compares groundwater discharge outputs under projected warming scenarios over decadal scales. Model results show that without warming there is more groundwater discharge in hillslopes with SFG than permafrost. After a century of warming, groundwater discharge increases for both kinds of frozen ground, but permafrost experiences a larger increase than SFG. These findings have implications for aquatic ecosystems and prioritizing water resource planning.

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Section: Modeling Groundwater Flow In Frozen Groundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting hydrogeologic responses to warming in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground hillslopes

Evans

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Changes in streamflow dynamics have been observed, reflecting the influence of permafrost thaw and active layer thickness on hydrologic response at catchment (and landscape) scales (e.g., [7][8][9][10][11]), including a decreasing trend in intra-annual runoff variability [4,5,12,13]. Permafrost thaw, with associated water flow and pathway effects, can further increase the connectivity between deeper and shallower groundwater and surface water [14][15][16][17], altering the terrestrial water balance [13] and distribution [17], and the waterborne transport of solutes [18] including that of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon [19,20] through hydrological catchments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Behavior of Lake Size-Distribution in a Thawing Permafrost Landscape in Northwestern Siberia

2014

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Abstract:Arctic warming alters regional hydrological systems, as permafrost thaw increases active layer thickness and in turn alters the pathways of water flow through the landscape. Further, permafrost thaw may change the connectivity between deeper and shallower groundwater and surface water altering the terrestrial water balance and distribution. Thermokarst lakes and wetlands in the Arctic offer a window into such changes as these landscape elements depend on permafrost and are some of the most dynamic and widespread features in Arctic lowland regions. In this study we used Landsat remotely sensed imagery to investigate potential shifts in thermokarst lake size-distributions, which may be brought about by permafrost thaw, over three distinct time periods (1973, 1987-1988, and 2007-2009) in three hydrological basins in northwestern Siberia. Results revealed fluctuations in total area and number of lakes over time, with both appearing and disappearing lakes alongside stable lakes. On the whole basin scales, there is no indication of any sustained long-term change in thermokarst lake area or lake size abundance over time. This statistical temporal consistency indicates that spatially variable change effects on local permafrost conditions have driven the individual lake changes that have indeed occurred over time. The results highlight the importance of using multi-temporal remote sensing data that can reveal complex spatiotemporal variations distinguishing fluctuations from sustained change trends, for accurate interpretation of thermokarst lake changes and their possible drivers in periods of climate and permafrost change.

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“…Such models generally fall into two classes. One class focuses on groundwater systems at large scales with approximate treatment of active layer and intrapermafrost physics (e.g., McKenzie et al, 2007;Bense et al, 2009;Bosson et al, 2013;Vidstrand et al, 2013;Grenier et al, 2013;McKenzie and Voss, 2013). The second class includes more realistic descriptions of water dynamics in the active layer, including the effects of non-zero gas content (e.g., Painter, 2011;White, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-phase numerical model for subsurface hydrology in permafrost-affected regions (PFLOTRAN-ICE v1.0)

2014

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Abstract. Degradation of near-surface permafrost due to changes in the climate is expected to impact the hydrological, ecological and biogeochemical responses of the Arctic tundra. From a hydrological perspective, it is important to understand the movement of the various phases of water (gas, liquid and ice) during the freezing and thawing of near-surface soils. We present a new non-isothermal, single-component (water), three-phase formulation that treats air as an inactive component. This single component model works well and produces similar results to a more complete and computationally demanding two-component (air, water) formulation, and is able to reproduce results of previously published laboratory experiments. A proof-of-concept implementation in the massively parallel subsurface flow and reactive transport code PFLOTRAN is summarized, and parallel performance of that implementation is demonstrated. When water vapor diffusion is considered, a large effect on soil moisture dynamics is seen, which is due to dependence of thermal conductivity on ice content. A large three-dimensional simulation (with around 6 million degrees of freedom) of seasonal freezing and thawing is also presented.

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Exchange and pathways of deep and shallow groundwater in different climate and permafrost conditions using the Forsmark site, Sweden, as an example catchment

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Contrasting hydrogeologic responses to warming in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground hillslopes

Contrasting hydrogeologic responses to warming in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground hillslopes

Temporal Behavior of Lake Size-Distribution in a Thawing Permafrost Landscape in Northwestern Siberia

Three-phase numerical model for subsurface hydrology in permafrost-affected regions (PFLOTRAN-ICE v1.0)

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