Excess under-5 female mortality across India: a spatial analysis using 2011 census data

Guilmoto, Christophe Z.; Saikia, Nandita; Tamrakar, Vandana; Bora, Jayanta Kumar

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30184-0

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Conversely, we found greater neonatal mortality among boys. We find that excess female postneonatal and child mortality remain especially large in north India, which corroborates findings from a recent study 12. We also identified a socioeconomic gradient—measured by household wealth—for all mortality outcomes, which is in line with the results of previous research 16 19 20…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A recent study estimated an excess in female under-5 mortality rate of 18.5 per 1000 live births in 2000–2005 12. Further, excess female mortality was found to be widespread and was identified in 90% of India’s districts, with the northern states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh accounting for two-thirds of the total excess in female under-5 deaths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Socioeconomic and gender inequalities in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India: a repeated cross-sectional study, 2005–2016

Karlsson¹,

Kim²,

Joe

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundIn India, excess female under-5 mortality is well documented. Under-5 mortality is also known to be patterned by socioeconomic factors. This study examines sex differentials and sex-specific wealth gradients in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India.MethodsRepeated cross-sectional study of nationally representative samples of 298 955 children 0–60 months old from the National Family Health Surveys conducted in 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. The study used logistic regression models as well as Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOverall, boys had greater neonatal mortality than girls and the difference increased between 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. Girls had greater postneonatal and child mortality, but the difference decreased between the surveys and was not statistically significant for child mortality in 2015–2016. A negative wealth gradient was found for all mortality outcomes. Neonatal mortality was persistently greater for boys. Girls had higher child mortality than boys at low levels of wealth and greater postneonatal mortality over much of the wealth distribution. The wealth gradient in neonatal mortality increased between surveys. Females had a stronger wealth gradient than boys for child mortality.ConclusionNot distinguishing between neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality masks important gender-specific and wealth-specific disparities in under-5 mortality in India. Substantial gains towards the Sustainable Development Goals can be made by combating neonatal mortality, especially at low levels of wealth. Although impressive improvements have been made in reducing the female disadvantage in postneonatal and child mortality, concerted engagements are necessary to eliminate the gender gap—especially in poor households and in north India.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic and gender inequalities in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India: a repeated cross-sectional study, 2005–2016

Karlsson¹,

Kim²,

Joe

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…This may reflect preferential treatment of boys who have older sisters, as some research suggests [60]. Gender discrimination practices which benefit male children are common in India, particularly among the Hindu population [60], [61]. We also find that the higher a mother's level of education is, the lower is the risk of a child being stunted or wasted; This is in line with previous research [55], [62], [63] and is usually attributed to better knowledge about nutrition, utilisation of antenatal and post-natal care, lower fertility (which means more resources available to fewer children), and higher autonomy in decision-making among educated women.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Monsoon weather and early childhood health in India

Dimitrova

Bora

2020

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIndia is expected to experience an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in the coming decades, which poses serious risks to human health and wellbeing in the country. ObjectiveThis paper aims to shed light on the possible detrimental effects of monsoon weather shocks on childhood undernutrition in India using the Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16, in combination with geo-referenced climate data. MethodsUndernutrition is captured through measures of height-for-age, weight-for-height, stunting and wasting among children aged 0-59 months. The standardised precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI) is used to measure climatic conditions during critical periods of child development. OPEN ACCESSCitation: Dimitrova A, Bora JK (2020) Monsoon weather and early childhood health in India. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231479. https://doi.org/10.

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“…In turn, sex-selective abortion and heightened mortality among girls lead to masculine sex ratios (Guilmoto 2009;Guilmoto et al 2018), which may have additional adverse impacts for women and men. With shortages of women, many men marry later than desired or do not marry at all (Porter 2016).…”

Section: Gender the Demographic Transition And Demographic Dividendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Haryana's mean fell from 4.4 to 2.9, but the proportion with only daughter(s) held at 3%. These two states are well-known for masculine sex ratios and high levels of sex selection (Das Gupta 2010; Guilmoto et al 2018).…”

Section: The Rise Of Sonless Families In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Another Gendered Demographic Dividend? Adjusting to a Future Without Sons

Allendorf¹

2019

Preprint

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I argue that sonless families pose a gendered demographic dividend. As fertility declines, families with only daughters are likely to grow. In turn, patriarchal family systems may weaken when many families are unable to engage in patriarchal practices. I examine some of these theorized dynamics in India. Sonless families did grow as fertility declined; the percentage sonless reached 10% in India as a whole in 2015 and approached 20% in states with earlier fertility declines. I also identify a substantial influence of children’s gender on mothers’ expectations of old age support. Using panel data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS), I compare women’s expectations after they had children to earlier expectations when they did not yet have children. Women with sons kept or further embraced patriarchal expectations that a son would provide support. Sonless mothers largely gave up patriarchal expectations, turning to their daughters or away from children altogether.

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Excess under-5 female mortality across India: a spatial analysis using 2011 census data

Abstract: None.

Cited by 61 publications

References 14 publications

Socioeconomic and gender inequalities in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India: a repeated cross-sectional study, 2005–2016

Socioeconomic and gender inequalities in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India: a repeated cross-sectional study, 2005–2016

Monsoon weather and early childhood health in India

Another Gendered Demographic Dividend? Adjusting to a Future Without Sons

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