This chapter elucidates the technologies of biological and chemical wastewater treatment processes. The presented biological wastewater treatment processes include bioremediation of wastewater that includes aerobic treatment oxidation ponds, aeration lagoons, aerobic bioreactors, activated sludge, percolating or trickling filters, biological filters, rotating biological contactors, biological removal of nutrients and anaerobic treatment anaerobic bioreactors, anaerobic lagoons phytoremediation of wastewater that includes constructed wetlands, rhizofiltration, rhizodegradation, phytodegradation, phytoaccumulation, phytotransformation, and hyperaccumulators and mycoremediation of wastewater. The discussed chemical wastewater treatment processes include chemical precipitation coagulation, flocculation , ion exchange, neutralization, adsorption, and disinfection chlorination/dechlorination, ozone, UV light . "dditionally, this chapter elucidates and illustrates the wastewater treatment plants in terms of plant sizing, plant layout, plant design, and plant location.