Exception as the Rule: High-End Developments in Neoliberal Beirut

Krijnen, Marieke; Fawaz, Mona

doi:10.2148/benv.36.2.245

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The case‐study analysis shows how broader social, cultural, political and gender relationships interact with the whole system of market processes reflected in the CGE model. For instance, technology prescriptions that envisage large‐scale infrastructure projects neglect the reality of powerful family and commercial networks that can channel limited reconstruction resources into enhancing Beirut real estate values (Krijnen and Fawaz, ), even if, in another and somewhat ironic instance, a fraction of the urban rich also form the clientele for traditional products promoted and marketed in novel ways. While the case study provides an experiential and behavioural perspective on the simultaneous combination of farmers’ strategies in a defined location, shocks to the CGE model allow a more specific, if artificial, analysis of single strategies applied uniformly across the whole of the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Rural Development Analysis: The Case of Agricultural Intensification in Lebanon

Hamade

Malorgio

Midmore

2014

J Agricultural Economics

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Hamade, K., Malorgio, G., Midmore, P. (2015). Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Rural Development Analysis: The Case of Agricultural Intensification in Lebanon. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66 (2), 492-518.While peripheral rural regions in Lebanon face typical problems of lagging development and economic marginalisation, they have not been regarded as a priority for policy-makers. Local extensionists have encouraged technological innovation as a means of improving farmers? livelihoods, and this has led to increasing input use and an intensification of agricultural production. This paper applies contrasting quantitative and qualitative methodologies to analyse the effects of such changes at the level of the overall economy of Lebanon and also to explore the impacts on rural households. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model simulates shocks in which agricultural output increases due to different types of intensification. The results are contrasted at local level through the use of qualitative case study analysis carried out in the Hermel district of northeast Lebanon. Quantitative simulations indicate that, while agricultural intensification has a positive effect overall on the Lebanese economy, the effects on rural households and the income of farmers are negative. The case-study interviews demonstrate that, at local level, agricultural trade liberalisation, increased agricultural output and greater volatility of commodity prices have resulted in farmers opting for lower input use and more secure market forms of production.authorsversionPeer reviewe

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Rural Development Analysis: The Case of Agricultural Intensification in Lebanon

Hamade

Malorgio

Midmore

2014

J Agricultural Economics

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“…For Andalucia, the developer is TAAMEER Jordan Holdings, whose financing originates mostly from the surplus oil capital of the United Arab Emirates. Similar high-end neoliberal real estate developments are mushrooming in different parts of the Arab world, such as in Beirut (Krijnen & Fawaz, 2010) and in Damascus (Clerk & Hurault, 2010). In addition, shopping malls promoting a consumerist culture in the region are emerging in various cities of the Arab world, to the extent that they are becoming the public space par excellence in the region.…”

Section: Urban Lifestylementioning

confidence: 93%

“…He elaborated that these partnerships could take on several forms, such as the public company, the hybrid public and private company and the private company (which may result from a privateprivate partnership). In addition to the previously mentioned MAWARED (operating in Amman) and ASEZA (operating in Aqaba), several examples could be cited in the Arab world, such as the Société de Promotion du Lac de Tunis (involving the Tunisian government and the Saudi company Al Baraka in the development of the northern lagoon shores of the Tunisian capital (Barthel 2010, p. 8), and SOLIDERE (Société Libanaise de Développement et de Reconstruction), which spearheaded the neoliberal development and management of downtown Beirut where the local municipality's role was extremely marginalized (Summers, 2005;Daher, 2008;Krijnen & Fawaz, 2010). The analyses of processes of neoliberal urban management discourse observe the production and emergence of not only spaces of neoliberal management within the city but also new subjects in the form of experts, CEOs of private multinational corporations, the transnational capitalist class, and also the urban entrepreneurs orchestrating urban management in the city.…”

Section: Governance and Place Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoliberal urban transformations in the arab city

Daher

2014

eue

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Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998.Pour communiquer avec les responsables d'Érudit : info@erudit.org  RÉSUMÉ Cette recherche représente une analyse discursive et comparative visant à comprendre l'actuel courant néolibéral urbain dans le monde arabe en termes de modes de circulation de la transformation urbaine. L'article introduit et suggère un cadre discursif dans lequel des projets néolibéraux pourraient être examinés et évalués par l'un ou plusieurs des indicateurs suivants : mode de vie urbain, émancipation du discours néolibéral, revendications à la durabilité sociale, politiques et dynamiques socio-spatiales, gouvernance, gestion des espaces, l'évolution du rôle de l'État, et la circulation des pratiques néolibérales. Cette recherche applique et bénéficie d'un rapprochement entre les théories néo-marxistes de la politique économique et les approches poststructuralistes associées à l'art de gouverner. Toutefois, elle repose essentiellement sur un ensemble de théories, à savoir, les théories néo-marxistes considérant le néolibéralisme comme un projet de classe de l'exclusion sociale. Le cadre d'analyse est appliqué aux trois études de cas suivantes à Amman:les tours d'affaires haut de gamme, les quartiers résidentiels fermés (gatedcommunities) de la classe moyenne-haute, et les projets de logements sociaux. En général, ces projets, de leur rhétorique émancipatrice, ont conduit à une géographie inégale et aux disparités urbaines dans la ville de Amman. MOTS-CLÉS Courant urbain néolibéral, politiques socio-spatiales, durabilité sociale, gouvernance urbaine, villes arabes, Amman     ABSTRACT This research represents a discursive-comparative analysis aiming to understand the current urban neoliberal condition in the Arab world in terms of the circulating patterns of urban transformation. The research introduces and suggests a discursive framework in which various neoliberal projects could be examined and evaluated against one or more of the following indicators: urban lifestyle, emancipatory neoliberal discourse, claims to social sustainability, socio-spatial politics and dynamics, governance and place management, changing role of the state, and circulation of neoliberal practices. The research applies and benefits from a reconciliation between neo-Marxist theories of political economy and poststructuralist approaches related to the art of governance. However, in doing so it relies mostly on one body of theory, namely, neo-Marxist theories considering neoliberalism as a class project of social exclusion. The framework of analysis is applied to the following three case studies in Amman: high-end business towers, gated upper-middle class communities, and low-income housing projects. In general, these projects, despite their emancipatory rhetoric, led to geographies of inequality and urban disparities within the city of Amman.KEYWORDS  Urban neoliberal condition, socio-spatial politi...

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“…74 Fawaz has argued elsewhere that the Hizbullah-run reconstruction project was informed by a "consolidated, abstracted definition of space" defined by the interest of "capitalbe it economic or political," 75 and that it reinforces the division between Dahiya and the rest of the city. 76 environs, see Krinjnen, Marieke, and Mona Fawaz (2010) Ghandour, Marwan, and Mona Fawaz (2010), 'Spatial Erasure: Reconstruction Projects in Beirut,' ArteEast Quarterly. Available at: http://arteeast.org/2012/02/05/spatialerasurereconstruction-projects-in-beirut.…”

Section: The Contentious Politics Of An Urban Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governing Dahiya: Interrogating the State in Beirut’s Southern Suburbs

Marei

2020

LDS

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Lebanon, a multi-confessional country with an established consociational democracy, is facing the threat of slipping into state failure as it grapples with its soaring political and economic crisis. The country’s governing system has come under increased and perhaps unprecedented scrutiny since the outbreak of popular protests in 2019 as many accuse an oligarchic political and sectarian elite of subordinating the State to their private interests. Based on an empirical examination of the politics of post-war reconstruction in Beirut’s southern suburbs, this article examines regimes of rule beyond the limitations of the seemingly dichotomous categories of State and non-state. The empirical inquiry presented in this article argues for a state analysis that is less concerned with discerning and deciphering where the State begins (or ought to begin) and where its non-state other(s) end (or ought to end), but is concerned instead with unpacking the real and messy workings of government. Rather than relativising the weak-state thesis, this article seeks to extend and complicate our understanding of the State (in Lebanon and beyond) by locating regimes of rule within a broader, dynamically evolving social whole.

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Exception as the Rule: High-End Developments in Neoliberal Beirut

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Rural Development Analysis: The Case of Agricultural Intensification in Lebanon

Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Rural Development Analysis: The Case of Agricultural Intensification in Lebanon

Neoliberal urban transformations in the arab city

Governing Dahiya: Interrogating the State in Beirut’s Southern Suburbs

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