2011
DOI: 10.1037/a0022721
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Examining the use of tramadol hydrochloride as an antidepressant.

Abstract: Tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet) is a centrally acting synthetic opioid with analgesic efficacy comparable to codeine. Antinociception is attributed to low but effective affinity for the mu-opioid receptor (μ), as well as reuptake inhibition of the monoamines norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT). Dual action antidepressants mirtazapine (Remeron), duloxetine (Cymbalta), and most notably venlafaxine (Effexor), which tramadol is closely related to in structure, also inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake. These medications ar… Show more

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Cited by 61 publications
(50 citation statements)
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References 82 publications
(111 reference statements)
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“…The antidepressant effects of many analgesic drugs have been observed in clinical and experimental animal studies [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Tramadol and some opioid agonists have been declared to improve depressive symptoms [22,23].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The antidepressant effects of many analgesic drugs have been observed in clinical and experimental animal studies [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Tramadol and some opioid agonists have been declared to improve depressive symptoms [22,23].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tramadol and some opioid agonists have been declared to improve depressive symptoms [22,23]. Celecoxib and piroxicam have been shown to display antidepressant effect in human and animal studies [8,[24][25][26].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is an analgesic with therapeutic effects via activation of opioid receptors and elevation of the plasma levels of serotonin and norepinephrine (16) . However, its use is not recommended since there is no scientific evidence regarding its effectiveness and safety in children (17) .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Then, the Mannich base (3a-3d) (1 mmol) solved in anhydrous THF was added drop-wise to the reaction. After stirring for 3 h, the reaction was quenched with a saturated NH 4 Cl aqueous solution. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with CHCl 3 (3×15 mL).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tramadol, which was launched in 1977, is a fully synthetic opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to severe pain, both acute and chronic [1] . In addition, it has also been used to treat depression, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy premature ejaculation [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Tramadol displays some weak side effects, including nausea, dizziness, indigestion and abdominal pain in individual patients [9,10] .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%