“…Applies to firms operating in domestic or international markets (Xu et al, 2018) Focusses on generic dynamic marketing capabilities (Molina-Castillo et al, 2011) Specifically addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by operating in diverse international markets (Morgan et al, 2018) Focusses on the importance of understanding and responding to the unique characteristics of each international market (Chatterjee et al, 2022) Approach A dynamic and proactive approach to marketing (Mitre ˛ga, 2019) A dynamic and proactive approach to international marketing (Morgan et al, 2018) Product/service management Focusses on product innovation, manufacturing and the coordination of departmental relationships, regardless of the target domestic market (Falasca et al, 2017;Bruni and Verona, 2009;Morgan, 2012) Involves market knowledge, product design, product portfolio management, marketing activities and inter-departmental collaboration to satisfy local customers (Konwar et al, 2017;Fang and Zou, 2009;Newey and Zahra, 2009) Requires a deep understanding of the cultural, political, legal and economic factors that influence consumer behaviours in different international markets (Rust, 2020;Pitelis and Teece, 2018) Emphasises foreign market knowledge to adapt product/service design, tailor product/service solutions and manufacture product/ services suited to meet the unique requirements of customers in foreign markets (Sheng et al, 2015;Lisboa et al, 2011;Demirbag and Glaister, 2010) Customer and network relationship management Essential to discover, understand or satisfy customers' expressed or latent needs…”