Examining the impact of social distancing and methamphetamine use on sexual risk and intimate partner violence in sexual and gender minority young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

Characterizing Intimate Partner Violence in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

“…Whereas three studies implemented a longitudinal design (Chen et al, 2021; Chiaramonte et al, 2021; Diaz et al, 2022), the remaining implemented a cross-sectional retrospective design. Six studies examined IPV victimization in underrepresented groups, including black men who have sex with men and transgender women (Chen et al, 2021), sexual and gender minority young adults, the majority of whom identified as Hispanic/Latinx and Black (Hall et al, 2022), gay and bisexual men (Stephenson et al, 2021; Walsh et al, 2021), immigrant women (Sabri et al, 2020) and in a predominantly Hispanic and/or Black and African-American females (Diaz et al, 2022).…”

“…Ten studies examined risk factors for IPV victimization. Financial stressors (e.g., money affecting their ability to leave the relationship, unable to afford rent, unstable housing, food insecurity, unemployed/underemployed, had recent changes to victim’s or perpetrators’ jobs) were commonly noted as risk factors for IPV victimization (Hall et al, 2022; Peitzmeier et al, 2021; Sabri et al, 2020; Stephenson et al, 2021, Xue et al, 2020), and especially for economic IPV which was defined as interfering with partner’s ability to access or acquire financial resources in order to increase their dependency (Johnson, 2021). Three studies found COVID-19 diagnosis and symptoms were also associated with increased risk for IPV victimization (Daigle et al, 2021; Davis et al, 2021; Peitzmeier et al, 2021).…”

“…Another study on community adults found that individuals who were unable to access COVID-19 testing and reported having symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were three times at risk of a victim of psychological IPV than those without symptoms and participants who tested positive for COVID-19 were two to three times more likely to experience psychological and physical IPV by an intimate partner (Davis et al, 2021). Abusive partners being at home (Sabri et al, 2020), no social distancing (Hall et al, 2022), prior history of IPV (Diaz et al, 2022), and substance use (Stephenson et al, 2021; Xue et al, 2020) were also risk factors for IPV victimization. New or increased IPV was prevalent among individuals living in an urban residence, having a toddler at home, essential workers, and pregnant women (Peitzmeier et al, 2021).…”

Characterizing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV PrEP care: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature

“…Most studies (n = 42) utilized quantitative methods, with 2 qualitative studies[ 29 , 43 ] and 2 mixed-method designs [ 39 , 60 ]. A majority of studies (n = 27) were comprised of MSM, three of which explicitly focused on young MSM[ 21 , 29 , 30 ]. Four studies included transgender women, two among female sex workers[ 27 , 64 ], one study was conducted among people who inject drugs (opioid-dependent individuals)[ 38 ], and one among pregnant women[ 25 ].…”

Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use and HIV

“…This collection includes 11 manuscripts, nine using data from the NIDA cohorts, one using the NIH-supported MACS/WHIS combined cohort study, and one from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Infectious Disease examining the delivery of medications for Opioid Use Disorder and HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic ( Eaton et al, 2022 ). Changes in substance use during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic are examined in several manuscripts, including the increased risk of nonfatal overdose ( Moallef et al, 2022 ); short-term binge drinking and marijuana use in PLWH ( Meanley et al, 2022 ); stocking of unregulated drugs ( King et al, 2022 ); changes in the drug supply ( Shover et al, 2022 ); resilience and substance misuse ( Baum et al, 2022 ); methamphetamine use on sexual risk and intimate partner violence ( Xavier Hall et al, 2022 ); and alcohol and other drug use ( Pytell et al, 2022 ). Other manuscripts explored the impact of COVID-19 mitigation strategies and pressure on the healthcare system regarding access to harm reduction services ( Feder et al, 2022 ) and HIV engagement and continuation of antiretroviral therapy ( Lesko et al, 2022 ); and one manuscript looked at access to COVID-19 testing among people using drugs and living with HIV ( Gorbach et al, 2022 ).…”