Examining the Immunological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Conditions Potentially Leading to Diminished Immune Response Capacity – The OCTAVE Trial

Kearns, Pamela; Siebert, Stefan; Willicombe, Michelle; Gaskell, Charlotte; Kirkham, Amanda; Pirrie, Sarah; Bowden, Sarah; Magwaro, Sophia; Hughes, A.D.; Lim, Zixiang; Dimitriadis, Stavros I.; Murray, Sam M.; Marjot, Thomas; Win, Zay; Irwin, Sophie L.; Meacham, Georgina; Richter, Alex; Kelleher, Peter; Satsangi, Jack; Miller, P.D.; Rea, Daniel; Cook, Gordon; Turtle, Lance; Klenerman, Paul; Dunachie, Susanna; Basu, Neil; Silva, Thushan I. de; Thomas, David C.; Barnes, Eleanor; Goodyear, Carl S.; McInnes, Iain B.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3910058

Cited by 62 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is important to recognise however that within the SIREN cohort we have not observed a corresponding difference in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with timing of dosing interval 13 . Our data also adds to the literature on lower vaccine responses in older age groups [29][30][31][32] and individuals with immunosuppression 33,34 , which should inform continued targeted interventions for these groups. Furthermore, with participants having diverse infection history (Wuhan, Alpha, Delta) we are now looking at the role of prior infection and antigenic imprinting on vaccination responses 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody levels following BNT162b2 vaccination: cross-sectional analysis of 6,000 SIREN study participants

Otter¹,

D’Arcangelo²,

Whitaker³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundUnderstanding immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations is integral to the management of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to investigate determinants of antibody response to the BNT162b2 vaccine.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of anti-spike binding antibodies in serum samples from healthcare workers after one or two doses. Post-vaccination interval was restricted to ≥21 days after dose 1, ≥14 days after dose 2. The primary outcome was anti-S titres with explanatory variables dose, previous infection, dosing interval, age, ethnicity, and comorbidities. Multivariable linear regression was also conducted.ResultsParticipants (n=5,871) included 3,989 post-dose 1, 1,882 post-dose 2. In SARS-CoV-2 infection naïve, 99.65% seroconverted after dose 1 and >99.9% seroconverted after dose 2. Geometric mean anti-S titre in the naïve cohort was 75.48 Binding Antibody Units/ml after dose 1, 7,049 BAU/ml after dose 2. Anti-S titres were higher in those with previous infection (2,111 BAU/ml post-dose 1, 16,052 BAU/ml post-dose 2), and increased with time between infection and vaccination: 3 months 1,970 (1,506-2,579) vs 9 months; 13,759 (8,097-23,379). Longer dosing intervals increased antibody response post-dose 2: 11-fold higher with a longer interval (>10 weeks) than those with shorter intervals, across all age-groups. Younger participants had higher mean titres (>2.2-fold higher). Multivariable regression modelling corroborated the above associations, and also found higher titres associated with being female or from an ethnic minority but lower titres among immunocompromised participants.ConclusionThe number of antigen exposures and timing between vaccinations plays a significant role in the magnitude of the post-vaccination antibody response, with implications for long-term protection and post-booster antibody responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody levels following BNT162b2 vaccination: cross-sectional analysis of 6,000 SIREN study participants

Otter¹,

D’Arcangelo²,

Whitaker³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Eligibility for booster dosing in the OCTAVE-DUO study will utilise 400 u/ml as cut-off based on lower third titres of the OCTAVE study. 8 We explored disease and patient-related factors associated with suboptimal response (defined here as 400 u/ml) after a second dose, found in 43% (75/174) of patients. Age ≥70 years, male gender, four lines of treatment were significant independent risk factors (anti-CD38 therapy of borderline significance) (Figure S2, Table SII).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological response to the BNT162b2 mRNA or ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 COVID‐19 vaccine after first and second doses in patients with plasma cell disorders: influence of host and disease factors

et al. 2021

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“…Vaccination appears to confer variable protection against COVID-19; however, even when initially effective, vaccine-induced protection wanes over time. 4 Many patient groups develop a less robust response to vaccination despite an enhanced schedule, 5 and this mirrors the findings in patients with functioning transplants. 6 Neither testing for T-cell immunity nor measurement of antibody levels has been routinely available.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Navigating COVID-19 in Renal Transplantation: From “Alpha” to “Omicron”; A Single-center Experience

Sran

Breen

et al. 2022

Transplantation

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Examining the Immunological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Conditions Potentially Leading to Diminished Immune Response Capacity – The OCTAVE Trial

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody levels following BNT162b2 vaccination: cross-sectional analysis of 6,000 SIREN study participants

Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody levels following BNT162b2 vaccination: cross-sectional analysis of 6,000 SIREN study participants

Serological response to the BNT162b2 mRNA or ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 COVID‐19 vaccine after first and second doses in patients with plasma cell disorders: influence of host and disease factors

Navigating COVID-19 in Renal Transplantation: From “Alpha” to “Omicron”; A Single-center Experience

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