Examining the Factors Influencing the Mobile Learning Usage During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrated SEM-ANN Method

Abstract

The way in which the emotion of fear affects the technology adoption of students and teachers amid the COVID-19 pandemic is examined in this study. Mobile Learning (ML) has been used in the study as an educational social platform at both public and private higher-education institutes. The key hypotheses of this study are based on how COVID-19 has influenced the incorporation of mobile learning (ML) as the pandemic brings about an increase in different kinds of fear. The major kinds of fear that students and teachers/instructors are facing at this time include: fear because of complete lockdown, fear of experiencing education collapse and fear of having to give up social relationships. The proposed model was evaluated by developing a questionnaire survey which was distributed among 280 students at Zayed University, on the Abu Dhabi Campus, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with the purpose of collecting data from them. This study uses a new hybrid analysis approach that combines SEM and deep learning-based artificial neural networks (ANN). The importance-performance map analysis is also used in this study to determine the significance and performance of every factor. Both ANN and IPMA research showed that Attitude (ATD) are the most important predictor of intention to use mobile learning. According to the empirical findings, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm played a strongly significant role justified the continuous Mobile Learning usage. It was found that perceived fear and expectation confirmation were significant factors in predicting intention to use mobile learning. Our study showed that the use of mobile learning (ML) in the field of education, amid the coronavirus pandemic, offered a potential outcome for teaching and learning; however, this impact may be reduced by the fear of losing friends, a stressful family environment and fear of future results in school. Therefore, during the pandemic, it is important to examine students appropriately so as to enable them to handle the situation emotionally. The proposed model has theoretically given enough details as to what influences the intention to use ML from the viewpoint of internet service variables on an individual basis. In practice, the findings would allow higher education decision formers and experts to decide which factors should be prioritized over others and plan their policies appropriately. This study examines the competence of the deep ANN model in deciding non-linear relationships among the variables in the theoretical model, methodologically.

The Effectiveness of Online Platforms after the Pandemic: Will Face-to-Face Classes Affect Students’ Perception of Their Behavioural Intention (BIU) to Use Online Platforms?

“…Through Smart PLS, it was possible to use the SEM, and maximum likelihood estimation was present to enable the recognition of the interdependence of the structural model and several theoretical constructs [102][103][104][105][106]. Similarly, it was possible to assess the proposed hypotheses.…”

Decisions to Use Telemedicine During The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effects of Perceived Fear, Information Quality, and Trust

“…Fears consisted of feelings of uncertainty, health anxiety and raised two important issues such as excessive worry level and high probability of being infected coronavirus (Ahorsu et al, 2020;Gerhold, 2020;Al-Maroof et al, 2020). Fear is a stimulus when feeling and facing danger (Alhumaid et al, 2021). Fear is understood as a feeling evoked by a response from environmental conditions that are considered risky and subsequent decisions are made (Alsaad & Al-Okaily, 2021).…”

“…In the case of changes in consumer behavior due to the increasing number of COVID-19 cases, people are afraid to come to the hospital (Al-Maroof et al, 2020). Perceived fear shows a significant result in a decision to use technology, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic Eder et al, 2021;Al-Maroof et al,2020;Alhumaid et al, 2021). Perceived fear according to Alhumaid et al, (2021) is a stimulus when feeling and facing danger.…”

“…Perceived fear shows a significant result in a decision to use technology, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic Eder et al, 2021;Al-Maroof et al,2020;Alhumaid et al, 2021). Perceived fear according to Alhumaid et al, (2021) is a stimulus when feeling and facing danger. Fear is understood as a feeling that is aroused from a response to environmental conditions that are considered risky and then decisions are made (Alsaad & Al-Okaily, 2021).…”

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