Examining the effects of perceived pregnancy discrimination on mother and baby health.

Hackney, Kaylee; Daniels, Shanna R.; Paustian‐Underdahl, Samantha C.; Perrewé, Pamela L.; Mandeville, Ashley; Eaton, Asia A.

doi:10.1037/apl0000788

Cited by 48 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…It is notable that American Indian women made up 26% of our sample but represent less than 2% of our state's population 41 . Structural racism and discrimination also contribute to notable disparities in pregnancy and birth outcomes for women of color, 1,16,42,43 including higher levels of stress and mental health difficulties 44,45 . Understanding how race, incarceration, and mental health interact to impact pregnant and postpartum women of color in prison is essential for reducing health disparities and is a critical area in need of further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Prison

Howland

Kotlar

Davis

et al. 2021

J Midwife Womens Health

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Introduction Women in prison experience high rates of mental and physical health problems, and pregnant and postpartum women in prison may be particularly vulnerable. Very few studies have examined depressive symptoms among women who are pregnant and give birth in prison. We assessed depressive symptoms longitudinally from pregnancy into the postpartum period in a sample of 58 women who gave birth in prison. We also considered whether incarceration‐related factors (length of time incarcerated while pregnant, remaining length of sentence to serve after birth) were associated with depressive symptoms. Methods Data were collected as part of an ongoing evaluation of a prison‐based pregnancy and parenting support program at one women's state prison. At prenatal and postpartum visits with their doula, women completed the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), a measure of depressive symptom severity. Results More than one‐third of our sample of women who were incarcerated and gave birth in custody met criteria for moderate to severe depression on the PHQ‐9 during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Women who faced longer periods of incarceration following birth and separation from their newborns reported higher levels of postpartum depressive symptoms. Discussion Findings have implications for practice and policy aimed at supporting the mental health needs of women who are pregnant in prison, particularly those women who give birth in custody and are separated from their newborns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Prison

Howland

Kotlar

Davis

et al. 2021

J Midwife Womens Health

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“…In that light, our work also makes a distinct contribution to the work – family literature by being the first to focus on how adoptive parents are affected in the workplace while experiencing the adoption of a child outside of work. Scholars have studied, and at an increasing rate more recently, the workplace dynamics that influence females during a pregnancy (Hackney et al., 2020; Ladge, Clair, & Greenberg, 2012; Little, Major, Hinojosa, & Nelson, 2015; Morgan, Walker, Hebl, & King, 2013) or just after the birth of a child (Carlson, Grzywacz, et al., 2011). However, the way adoptive parents, both male and female, adjust to the competing demands at work and at home in the months just after an adoption also needs to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extant research has benefited tremendously from investigations of the employee – spouse relationship specifically and/or the employee – family relationship generally and their relation to the workplace (Greenhaus & Allen, 2011; Hoobler & Brass, 2006; Michel, Kotrba, Mitchelson, Clark, & Baltes, 2011). Prior research on the link between the workplace and employees’ children has focused specifically on the physical health of babies (van Beukering, van Melick, Mol, Frings‐Dresen, & Hulshof, 2014; Hackney et al., 2020; Mozurkewich, Luke, Avni, & Wolf, 2000). Our findings here signal that organizations can have an indirect positive relationship with the behavioural life of an employee’s adoptive child through both the job incumbent and the spouse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It takes a village: How organizational support for adoption positively affects employees and their families

Quade

Hackney

Carlson

et al. 2021

J Occupat & Organ Psyc

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Extending the integration of conservation of resources theory with the spillover–crossover model, we broaden the scope of types of organizational support by examining the influence of organizational support for adoption (OSFA) as a work resource that could benefit employees, their spouse, and their adopted child. Specifically, we examine how this resource of OSFA contributes to job incumbent work–family enrichment (WFE) and indirectly to a work outcome (i.e., affective commitment) and spills over to impact family outcomes (i.e., attachment, relationship tension, and family functioning). Further, we examine the crossover to the spouse through positive crossover transmission to his/her commitment to the job incumbent’s organization and his/her family outcomes. Using a matched sample of 592 couples that had adopted a child, we found that the resource of OSFA indirectly influences the job incumbent’s work and family outcomes as expected. Further, we found OSFA indirectly influences the spouse’s commitment to the job incumbent’s organization and the spouse’s family outcomes through WFE and positive crossover transmission. Evidence of the content and construct validity of OSFA is also presented. Implications, both theoretical and practical, and suggestions for future research are discussed. Practitioner points Employees who feel supported in their adoption by their organization are more committed to their organization. Organizations that provide support for adoptive employees indirectly influence their spouses’ commitment to the employees’ organization. Adoptive employees’ positive work experiences that result from organizational support for adoption spillover into their family domain. Children who are adopted can benefit indirectly from their parents’ employing organization when that organization supports the adoption in tangible ways.

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“…This is fueled by the existence and promotion of negative stereotypes about pregnant women (Green et al., 1990), which suggest pregnant women are warm but incapable (Fiske et al., 2002; Glick & Fiske, 1997). These perceptions have important consequences; for example, research shows that pregnancy discrimination leads to negative treatment in the workplace (Bragger et al., 2002; Fox & Quinn, 2015; Little et al., 2015, 2018) and increased postpartum depression symptoms (Hackney et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a small but growing body of literature which considers how social explanations may contribute to the so‐called “baby brain” phenomena (Crawley et al., 2008; Hurt, 2011; Pownall, 2019). Given the implications that pregnancy perceptions have on women and baby’s health (Hackney et al., 2020), it is important to continue assessing the social explanations which explain pregnancy‐related cognition. As Bleier (1978) stresses, supposed biological explanations of social phenomena are generally widely accepted, because they instill a sense of order and structure to an otherwise subjective world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of activating a “baby brain” stereotype on pregnant women’s cognitive functioning

Pownall

Conner

Hutter

2021

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Throughout pregnancy and into the immediate postpartum period, women are generally perceived to be incompetent, stressed, and forgetful. However, the neuropsychological “baby brain” literature remains unclear and contradictory. Across two studies, we provide the first experimental tests of whether perceived cognitive impairment in pregnancy can be explained by stereotype threat theory, which proposes that awareness of negative stereotypes about one’s ingroup can harm performance. In Study 1 (N = 364), we tested stereotype threat effects in a 2 (stereotype threat versus no threat) × 3 (pregnant women versus new mothers versus never‐pregnant female control) design. We observed a main effect of group on memory performance (pregnant women and new mothers performed worse than controls), but no other main or interactive effects. Study 2 (N = 409) aimed to extend these research questions with mathematics ability, memory, and attention as the dependent variables. Again, we found that a stereotype threat manipulation did not impair pregnant women and new mothers’ cognitive performance, nor was there any interactive effects. Groups also did not differ in their performance. We discuss these results in the context of stereotype threat mechanisms, calling into question whether a stereotype threat paradigm can be applied effectively to pregnancy‐related stereotypes. This work has implications for the advancement of stereotype threat as a theory and contributes to the reappraisal of the utility of stereotype threat as a way of understanding how stereotypes affect performance.

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Examining the effects of perceived pregnancy discrimination on mother and baby health.

Cited by 48 publications

References 54 publications

Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Prison

Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Prison

It takes a village: How organizational support for adoption positively affects employees and their families

The effects of activating a “baby brain” stereotype on pregnant women’s cognitive functioning

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