Examining the effect of ionic constituents on crystallization fouling on heat transfer surfaces

Al‐Gailani, Amthal; Sanni, Olujide; Charpentier, Thibaut; Crisp, Richard; Bruins, Jantinus H.; Neville, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120180

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Both potable and surface water contain a variety of ionic species that contribute to the formation of different types of inorganic deposits in water distribution systems and domestic appliances [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic fouling of heat transfer surface from potable water during convective heat transfer

Al‐Gailani

Sanni

Charpentier

et al. 2021

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic fouling of heat transfer surface from potable water during convective heat transfer

Al‐Gailani

Sanni

Charpentier

et al. 2021

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…Researchers also studied the influence of solution composition in different experimental configurations. Al-Gailani et al [23] investigated the influence of several ionic constituents, most commonly found in potable water, on fouling of an aluminium surface. An increase in fouling resistance and deposit mass was observed with the increase of Cl − content from 10 mg/L to 216 mg/L and later to 315 mg/L, along with the increase of Na + content from 6.5 mg/L to 136 mg/L and later 202 mg/L.…”

Section: Solution Concentration and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Crystallization Fouling in Heat Exchangers

et al. 2021

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A vast majority of heat exchangers suffer from unwanted deposition of material on the surface, which severely inhibits their performance and thus marks one of the biggest challenges in heat transfer. Despite numerous scientific investigations, prediction and prevention of fouling remain unresolved issues in process engineering and are responsible for large economic losses and environmental damage. This review article focuses specifically on crystallization fouling, providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of fouling in heat exchangers. The fundamentals of the topic are discussed, as the term fouling resistance is introduced along with distinct fouling behaviour, observed in laboratory and industrial environments. Insight into subsequent phases of the fouling process is provided, along with the accompanying microscale events. Furthermore, the effects of fluid composition, temperature, flow velocity, surface condition, nucleate boiling and composite fouling are comprehensively discussed. Fouling modelling is systematically reviewed, from the early work of Kern and Seaton to recently used artificial neural networks and computational fluid dynamics. Finally, the most common fouling mitigation approaches are presented, including design considerations and various on-line strategies, as well as off-line cleaning. According to our review, several topics require further study, such as the initial stage of crystal formation, the effects of ageing, the interplay of two or more fouling mechanisms and the underlying phenomena of several mitigation strategies.

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“…Previous studies have shown that Mg 2þ plays a role in scale inhibition by inhibiting the growth of crystals. Al-Gailani et al (2020) suggested that Mg 2þ can inhibit the growth of crystals by inhibiting the growth of crystals, and the electromagnetic field generated by the HVAC electric field may enhance this inhibition effect more than the electrostatic field. The above studies show that the HVAC electric field treatment has an obvious scale inhibition effect, and the scale inhibition effect is better under the condition of hard water.…”

Section: The Total Scale Change Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different concentrations of Mg 2þ have different inhibition and promotion effects on scaling with increasing MgCl 2 in solution for up to !696 min, its transformation is retarded from amorphous calcium carbonate dispersed into crystalline calcium carbonate (Konrad et al 2018). Researchers reported that Mg 2þ can directly interact with CaCO 3 crystals to affect its morphology, adsorbs on the surface of vaterite and calcite causing an increase in surface roughness (Zhang et al 2016a(Zhang et al , 2016bAl-Gailani et al 2020). By considering Mg 2þ concentration with electromagnetic field or ultrasonic, they can improve the scale inhibition effect and make the CaCO 3 particles gradually change into aragonite (Han et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fouling resistance in heat exchanger and the crystal form of CaCO3 in hard circulating cooling water with electrostatic field and alternating current electric field

Zhao

Jia

et al. 2021

Water Science and Technology

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The effect of high voltage electrostatic field and high voltage alternating current electric field on the heat exchanger surface fouling under the condition of hard water was investigated. The Ca2+ concentration in two water conditions was 12 mmol/L. The Mg2+ concentration was 10 mmol/L and 12 mmol/L respectively. The concentration changed with the Mg2+ concentration. X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope results confirmed that the main crystal phases of the scale samples consist of calcite and aragonite. The high voltage electrostatic treatment can promote scale growth under both water quality conditions. However, the high voltage alternating current electric field treatment shows a good scale inhibition effect under both water quality conditions, and the scale inhibition effect is best when both Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations are 12 mmol/L, and the average scale inhibition rate reaches 47.58%. When the calcite content of the scale sample is significantly higher than that of aragonite, Mg2+ affects the growth and solubility of crystals. On the other hand, the high voltage alternating current electric field treatment can effectively extend the fouling induction period of the adherent scale on the heat exchanger surface, which is favorable for heat exchanger fouling.

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Examining the effect of ionic constituents on crystallization fouling on heat transfer surfaces

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Examining the effect of ionic constituents on crystallization fouling on heat transfer surfaces.

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Inorganic fouling of heat transfer surface from potable water during convective heat transfer

Inorganic fouling of heat transfer surface from potable water during convective heat transfer

A Review of Crystallization Fouling in Heat Exchangers

Effect of fouling resistance in heat exchanger and the crystal form of CaCO3 in hard circulating cooling water with electrostatic field and alternating current electric field

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