Examining temporal and spatial variations of internal temperature in large-format laminated battery with embedded thermocouples

Li, Zhe; Zhang, Jianbo; Wu, Bin; Huang, Jun; Nie, Zhihua; Sun, Ying; An, Fuqiang; Wu, Ningning

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.117

Cited by 141 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nonetheless, with the progression of the discharge towards ending, the temperature distribution became more spatially uniform over the whole surface of the cell (Figure 4c,d), with the most heated region located in the center region of the cell. This observation of the shifting of hottest point is in congruence with the observation of Li et al [23], who investigated cell temperature by inserting sensors inside the cell. This observation can be attributed to the faster depletion of the active species near the positive area due to the higher current density.…”

Section: Continuous Charge and Dischargesupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative Study of Surface Temperature Behavior of Commercial Li-Ion Pouch Cells of Different Chemistries and Capacities by Infrared Thermography

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The non-uniform surface temperature distribution of a battery cell results from complex reactions inside the cell and makes efficient thermal management a challenging task. This experimental work attempts to determine the evolution of surface temperature distribution of three pouch type commercial cells: Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC)-based 20 Ah cell, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) 14 Ah, and Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) 5 Ah battery cell by using contact thermistor and infrared (IR) thermography. High current (up to 100 A) continuous charge/discharge and high current (80 A) micro pulse cycling profile were applied on the cells. It was found that thermistor based temperature profile varied cell to cell, especially the LTO cell. Among the investigated cells, the NMC cell shows highest temperature rise and the LTO cell the lowest rise. IR (Infrared) images revealed the spatial distribution of surface temperature, in particular the location of the hottest region varies depending not only on the geometrical and material properties of the cell, but also the type of loads applied on the cells. Finally, a modeling perspective of the cell temperature non-uniformity is also discussed. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 8176

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Section: Continuous Charge and Dischargesupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative Study of Surface Temperature Behavior of Commercial Li-Ion Pouch Cells of Different Chemistries and Capacities by Infrared Thermography

et al. 2015

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“…Some researchers have installed thermocouples insides the battery to measure the cell internal temperature [11,12]. It should be noted that thermocouples inserted into cells add manufacturing costs and represent a potential safety threat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Internal Temperature Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Kalman Filter

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The battery internal temperature estimation is important for the thermal safety in applications, because the internal temperature is hard to measure directly. In this work, an online internal temperature estimation method based on a simplified thermal model using a Kalman filter is proposed. As an improvement, the influences of entropy change and overpotential on heat generation are analyzed quantitatively. The model parameters are identified through a current pulse test. The charge/discharge experiments under different current rates are carried out on the same battery to verify the estimation results. The internal and surface temperatures are measured with thermocouples for result validation and model construction. The accuracy of the estimated result is validated with a maximum estimation error of around 1 K.

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“…In particular, a large temperature variation inside a cell develops, causing accelerated degradation, even triggering thermal runaway from hot spots. 3 Modeling and simulation is an important method to address these new problems and to provide insights for cell design optimization. Battery models applicable at different length scales, ranging from the primary particles of active material to the battery pack, have been developed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermal Design for the Pouch-Type Large-Format Lithium-Ion Batteries

Zhang

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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104

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This paper presents a multi-dimensional thermo-electrical model for pouch-type large-format lithium-ion batteries with high accuracy both spatially and temporally. The model includes a two-dimensional electrical model to calculate the current density over the current collector and a three-dimensional thermal model to calculate the temperature in the battery core. To improve the accuracy, key parameters are determined from carefully designed experiments, rather than taking from the literature. Thermal parameters are estimated using a joint experimental and computational method. Electrical contact resistance between the cable and the tab is estimated from a self-heating experiment. With the reliable input parameters, the predicted temperature evolution at multiple locations on the cell surface agrees well with the measured results, indicating high accuracy of the model. Using the validated model, sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the relative importance of thermal parameters on battery thermal performance. It is found that the specific heat capacity has the greatest influence on the maximum temperature rise, while the in-plane thermal conductivity has the greatest influence on the maximum temperature variation. It is elucidated that the main cause for the temperature non-uniformity is the heat flux from the tab, rather than the non-uniformity of heat generation rate in the core. Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in pure and hybrid electric vehicles due to their high energy density and long cycle life. Among the three major configurations for the power batteries, the pouch-type has attracted much attention of automotive manufacturers.1,2 Nissan LEAF is equipped with a battery pack consisting of 192 pouch cells. The capacity of each cell is 33.1 Ah, 1 10 times larger than that of the conventional 18650 cell. Similarly, GM VOLT uses 288 pouch cells. Each cell has a capacity of 45 Ah. 2The much increased capacity of the large-format cell generates new problems that have not been observed or researched previously. In particular, a large temperature variation inside a cell develops, causing accelerated degradation, even triggering thermal runaway from hot spots. 3Modeling and simulation is an important method to address these new problems and to provide insights for cell design optimization. Battery models applicable at different length scales, ranging from the primary particles of active material to the battery pack, have been developed. A comprehensive review of the battery modeling can be found in Ref. 4. Temperature is one of the key elements in the battery modeling. In a small cell, a lumped thermal model neglecting temperature distribution is fairly adequate. As the cell size increases, however, the spatial non-uniformity of the temperature grows rapidly to adversely affect the performance, life and even safety of the cell. Therefore, the temperature distribution must be evaluated together with the electrical behavior for the large-format cell. To such end, a thermo-electrical model is esse...

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Examining temporal and spatial variations of internal temperature in large-format laminated battery with embedded thermocouples

Cited by 141 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative Study of Surface Temperature Behavior of Commercial Li-Ion Pouch Cells of Different Chemistries and Capacities by Infrared Thermography

Comparative Study of Surface Temperature Behavior of Commercial Li-Ion Pouch Cells of Different Chemistries and Capacities by Infrared Thermography

Online Internal Temperature Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Kalman Filter

Thermal Design for the Pouch-Type Large-Format Lithium-Ion Batteries

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