Abstract--Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is the preferred charging method for electric vehicles (EVs) powered by battery and supercapacitor. In this paper, a novel WPT system with constant current charging capability for sightseeing car with supercapacitor storage is designed. Firstly, an optimized magnetic coupler using ferrite cores and magnetic shielding structure are proposed to ensure stable power transfer and high efficiency. Compared with the traditional planar shape ferrite core coupler, the proposed magnetic coupler requires lesser ferrite material without degrading the performance of the WPT system. Secondly, the model of supercapacitor is applied to the WPT system and the relationship between equivalent load resistances of supercapacitor and charging time is analyzed in detail. Then, a Buck converter with PI controller is implemented on the secondary side to maintain constant charging current for the variable load. Finally, the proposed design is verified by experiments. Constant charging current of 31.5 A across transfer distance of 15 cm is achieved. The peak transfer power and system efficiency are 2.86 kW and 88.05%, respectively.Index Terms--Charging current regulation, magnetic coupler, supercapacitor (SC), variable load, wireless power transfer (WPT).

No abstract

No abstract

Abstract:The battery internal temperature estimation is important for the thermal safety in applications, because the internal temperature is hard to measure directly. In this work, an online internal temperature estimation method based on a simplified thermal model using a Kalman filter is proposed. As an improvement, the influences of entropy change and overpotential on heat generation are analyzed quantitatively. The model parameters are identified through a current pulse test. The charge/discharge experiments under different current rates are carried out on the same battery to verify the estimation results. The internal and surface temperatures are measured with thermocouples for result validation and model construction. The accuracy of the estimated result is validated with a maximum estimation error of around 1 K.

Abstract:This study describes an online estimation of the model parameters and state of charge (SOC) of lithium iron phosphate batteries in electric vehicles. A widely used SOC estimator is based on the dynamic battery model with predeterminate parameters. However, model parameter variances that follow with their varied operation temperatures can result in errors in estimating battery SOC. To address this problem, a battery online parameter estimator is presented based on an equivalent circuit model using an adaptive joint extended Kalman filter algorithm. Simulations based on actual data are established to verify accuracy and stability in the regression of model parameters. Experiments are also performed to prove that the proposed estimator exhibits good reliability and adaptability under different loading profiles with various temperatures. In addition, open-circuit voltage (OCV) is used to estimate SOC in the proposed algorithm. However, the OCV based on the proposed online identification includes a part of concentration polarization and hysteresis, which is defined as parametric identification-based OCV (OCVPI). Considering the temperature factor, a novel OCV-SOC relationship map is established by using OCVPI under various temperatures. Finally, a validating experiment is conducted based on the consecutive loading profiles. Results indicate that our method is effective and adaptable when a battery operates at different ambient temperatures.

No abstract

No abstract

The flammable and explosive property of hydrogen is the main danger in its safe use, storage and transportation. In this paper, a novel hydrogen monitoring system is designed based on the principle of semiconductor, catalytic combustion and heat-conducting gas sensors. Also, the gas sensor will inevitably fail due to the nature of gas sensitive materials in the long-time monitoring process. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of hydrogen concentration measurement, a novel fault diagnosis and reconfiguration strategy for hydrogen sensor array based on moving window principle component analysis and extreme learning machine (MWPCA-ELM) is proposed. Firstly, online multiple faults detection is carried out by using MWPCA. Once one or multiple faults are detected, the measured values of other fault-free sensors will be used to recover the faulty data in real-time by using ELM predictor according to the relevancy among the hydrogen sensors. Secondly, the hydrogen concentration is reconfigured seamlessly and accurately based on ELM under the condition of small calibration data sample. Finally, fault diagnosis is conducted by MWPCA feature extraction coupled with ELM multi-classifier. In order to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed fault diagnosis and reconfiguration strategy, a hydrogen concentration monitoring experimental system was established. The average relative error (ARE) of hydrogen concentration estimation is declined from 1.18% to 0.82% compared with the traditional regression methods. Particularly, the proposed fault reconfiguration model can recover the fault data even if the concentration is changed, and the accuracy of fault diagnosis is 100% within 250 samples. INDEX TERMS Fault diagnosis, reconfiguration, hydrogen sensor, extreme learning machine, moving windows principle component analysis.