Examining nanophotonics for integrated hybrid systems: a review of plasmonic interconnects and modulators using traditional and alternative materials [Invited]

Kinsey, Nathaniel; Ferrera, Marcello; Shalaev, Vladimir M.; Boltasseva, Alexandra

doi:10.1364/josab.32.000121

Cited by 121 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 231 publications

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“…As for scaling the system to higher frequency regimes, there is a variety continuous media that exhibit ENZ properties at infrared frequencies. The moderate losses of these materials [e.g., « ≈ i0.03 for silicon carbide at λ ∼ 10.33 μm (47, 48), and « ≈ i0.1 ∼ i0.2 for aluminum-doped zinc oxide at telecom wavelengths (49,50)] might enable the observation of vacuum fluctuations being weakened, but they are most probably to too high to observe strong coupling with bound eigenmodes. A low-loss alternative at optical frequencies could be all-dielectric, and thus low-loss, specially designed photonics crystals (31,32) and/or metamaterials (29,30), exhibiting propagation and scattering features similar to those of zero-index media.…”

Section: Synthetic Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-index structures as an alternative platform for quantum optics

Liberal

Engheta

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Vacuum fluctuations are one of the most distinctive aspects of quantum optics, being the trigger of multiple nonclassical phenomena. Thus, platforms like resonant cavities and photonic crystals that enable the inhibition and manipulation of vacuum fluctuations have been key to our ability to control light-matter interactions (e.g., the decay of quantum emitters). Here, we theoretically demonstrate that vacuum fluctuations may be naturally inhibited within bodies immersed in epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) media, while they can also be selectively excited via bound eigenmodes. Therefore, zero-index structures are proposed as an alternative platform to manipulate the decay of quantum emitters, possibly leading to the exploration of qualitatively different dynamics. For example, a direct modulation of the vacuum Rabi frequency is obtained by deforming the EMNZ region without detuning a bound eigenmode. Ideas for the possible implementation of these concepts using synthetic implementations based on structural dispersion are also proposed.metamaterial | quantum optics | near-zero refractive index | ENZ | vacuum fluctuation V acuum fluctuations, the fluctuations of a quantized field on its vacuum state around its zero average (1), are considered one of the most distinctive (1-3) and disputed (4) aspects of quantum optics and quantum field theory. Although direct measurements of vacuum fluctuations have only been proposed very recently (5), they are the attributed source of numerous nonclassical phenomena, including, for instance, spontaneous emission (6), Lamb shift (7), Casimir forces (8), molecular energy transfer (9), quantum friction (10), as well as several vacuum amplification effects (3). It is also a well-established fact that macroscopic bodies modify the structure of electromagnetic fields, opening up the possibility of engineering all aforementioned effects (6, 11). For example, because quantum fields fluctuate in a space empty of matter, we could ask what should be the matter filling the space to first inhibit and then selectively engineer vacuum fluctuations (Fig. 1A). Traditional answers to this question have appeared in the form of photonics crystals (PCs) (12-15) and closed cavities (16-18), leading to formidable advances in the ability to control light-matter interactions. In essence, the geometry of periodic structures and resonators can be engineered in such a way so that they do not support eigenmodes on a given frequency range. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that epsilon-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) media (19), also known as matched zero-index (ZI) media (20), that is, a medium with simultaneously zero permittivity and permeability, behaves as a natural inhibitor of vacuum fluctuations. Thus, we propose ZI structures as an alternative platform to manipulate spontaneous emission, and other related effects, possibly leading to the exploration of qualitatively different decay dynamics.Note than one could conceivably approach this problem by using a canonical quantization procedure (1). In this manner, we...

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Section: Synthetic Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-index structures as an alternative platform for quantum optics

Liberal

Engheta

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Common metals used in nanoplasmonic waveguides are gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and aluminum (Al). More recently, transparent conductive oxides and other exotic materials have been proposed as plasmonic materials for near-to mid-infrared signals [37][38][39]. The choice of dielectric materials that are used to load the nanoplasmonic waveguides depends largely on the intended function of the nanoplasmonic waveguide.…”

Section: Passive Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated nanoplasmonic waveguides for magnetic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices

et al. 2016

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Abstract:As modern complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry rapidly approaches fundamental speed and bandwidth limitations, optical platforms have become promising candidates to circumvent these limits and facilitate massive increases in computational power. To compete with high density CMOS circuitry, optical technology within the plasmonic regime is desirable, because of the sub-diffraction limited confinement of electromagnetic energy, large optical bandwidth, and ultrafast processing capabilities. As such, nanoplasmonic waveguides act as nanoscale conduits for optical signals, thereby forming the backbone of such a platform. In recent years, significant research interest has developed to uncover the fundamental physics governing phenomena occurring within nanoplasmonic waveguides, and to implement unique optical devices. In doing so, a wide variety of material properties have been exploited. CMOS-compatible materials facilitate passive plasmonic routing devices for directing the confined radiation. Magnetic materials facilitate time-reversal symmetry breaking, aiding in the development of nonreciprocal isolators or modulators. Additionally, strong confinement and enhancement of electric fields within such waveguides require the use of materials with high nonlinear coefficients to achieve increased nonlinear optical phenomenon in a nanoscale footprint. Furthermore, this enhancement and confinement of the fields facilitate the study of strong-field effects within the solid-state environment of the waveguide. Here, we review current stateof-the-art physics and applications of nanoplasmonic waveguides pertaining to passive, magnetoplasmonic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices. Such components are essential elements in integrated optical circuitry, and each fulfill specific roles in truly developing a chip-scale plasmonic computing architecture.

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“…Such requirement is erected both in plasmonics and metamaterials. In the former, the losses of socalled long-range SPPs considered together with hybrid plasmonic-photonic modes as a workhorse in guiding [7] are inversely dependent on the guiding (metal) layer thickness. In the latter case, a new trend in hyperbolic metamaterials claims a metal-dielectric multilayer as the basic device possessing hyperbola-like dispersion bands [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] and references therein. Some of them are promising and draw a lot attention, like CMOScompatible transition metal nitrides (TiN, TaN, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-thin films for plasmonics: a technology overview

Malureanu

Lavrinenko

2015

Nanotechnology Reviews

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Ultra-thin films with low surface roughness that support surface plasmon-polaritons in the infra-red and visible ranges are needed in order to improve the performance of devices based on the manipulation of plasmon propagation. Increasing amount of efforts is made in order not only to improve the quality of the deposited layers but also to diminish their thickness and to find new materials that could be used in this field. In this review, we consider various thin films used in the field of plasmonics and metamaterials in the visible and IR range. We focus our presentation on technological issues of their deposition and reported characterization of film plasmonic performance.

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Examining nanophotonics for integrated hybrid systems: a review of plasmonic interconnects and modulators using traditional and alternative materials [Invited]

Cited by 121 publications

References 231 publications

Zero-index structures as an alternative platform for quantum optics

Zero-index structures as an alternative platform for quantum optics

Integrated nanoplasmonic waveguides for magnetic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices

Ultra-thin films for plasmonics: a technology overview

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